Types of measure Outcome measures Description Interpretation
Time-domain distance measures MDIST (mm)a Average distance from the mean COP Indicators of stability performance
RDIST (mm)a RMS distance
TOTEX (mm)a Total length of the COP path
RANGE (mm)a Maximum distance between any two points
MVELO (mm/s)a Average velocity of the COP Indicators of control demand
Time-domain area measures AREA-CC (mm2) 95% confidence circle area Indicators of stability performance
AREA-CE (mm2) 95% confidence ellipse area
Time-domain hybrid measures AREA-SW (mm2/s) Sway area Indicators of the relationship between control demand and stability performance
MFREQ (Hz)a Mean frequency
FD-RD Fractal dimension
FD-CC Fractal dimension based on the area-CC
FD-CE Fractal dimension based on the area-CE
Frequency domain measures T POWERa Total power frequency Indicators of postural regulations
50% (Hz)a Median power frequency
95% (Hz)a 95% power frequency
CFREQ (Hz)a Centroidal frequency
FREQDa Frequency dispersion Indicators of trunk stiffness
aComputed based on resultant distance (RD) time series as well as anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) time series.
Table 2: Summary of the COP-related outcome measures.
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