Primer name Sequence Application Reference Spiro-1f AAGATTAAGCCATGCATGCC PCR/Seq Jorgensen & Sterud [31] Spiro-2r GCAGCCTTGTTACGACTTCTC PCR/Seq Spiro-3r CATTGGGYAATYTYCCGCCCT Sequencing Spiro-4f GAYTCYGGAGAVTGRGCAYGAG Sequencing Spiro-5r STYTCCGTCAATMCYTTMAAGTTTC Sequencing Spiro-6f AAGRYTGAAACTTKAARGKATTGACGG Sequencing Spironucleosis-1f TCATTTATCAGTGGTTAGTACATGC PCR/Seq Spironucleosis-2r TTCAAGCCTAACCACGACAAG PCR/Seq Salmonis-1f TTGTGTACGAGGCAGTGACG PCR/Seq Fard et al. [66] Salmonis-2r TCCCCGGTTCGTTGGTCAAG PCR/Seq Torosa 16sf CTCTTGAGTGAGGTAGTCACCAGC PCR/Seq Jorgensen et al. [73] Torosa 16sr GTGTCCGAATAACTCACCAAAACC PCR/Seq

Table 3: Primer sequences for amplification of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene for identification of fish diplomonads to the genus or species level using PCR or sequencing approaches. Primers Spiro-1 and Spiro-2 will amplify most member of the genus Spironucleus and Hexamita. Spiro-3 to Spiro-6 may be used as sequencing primers for most species of Spironucleus and Hexamita. The Spironucleosis, Salmonis and Torosa primers are specific for S. salmonicida, S. salmonis and S. torosa, respectively

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