| Desired Reagent Feature | Necessary for Ubiquitous Biosensing | 
   
  | Robust | Temperature, pH, enzyme degradation, and a long shelf life | 
   
  | Thermoplastic | Maintains full function under extreme temperature conditions | 
   
  | Universal | Encompasses all biosensing analytes irrespective of charge, size, etc. | 
   
  | Rapid Discovery | Rapid development without extensive knowledge of the target analyte, critical to adapt technology to new and emerging threats | 
   
  | Manufacturing Scale Production | Cost-effective production necessary for ubiquitous scale | 
   
  | On-Demand Production | Circumvent any shelf life or supply/demand issues | 
   
  | Low Cost | Critical for universal implementation | 
   
  | Adaptable | Readily incorporate into variety of platforms; drop-in replacement technology | 
   
  | High Affinity | Equivalent (or better) than antibody gold standard to meet sensing requirements | 
   
  | High Specificity | Critical for practical application in complex environments |