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| Figure 2: Possible role for C5a in a positive feedback inflammatory circuit. Following bacterial infection, LPS stimulates TLR4, and C5a generated during complement activation stimulates C5aR resulting in expression of C5L2 on leukocyte membranes. Stimulation of C5L2 by C5a on activated leukocytes induces release of HMGB1 which then reacts with TLR-4 on other leukocytes, as did LPS, resulting in further recruitment of activated leukocytes that express C5L2. These reactions create an inflammatory amplification circuit. |
