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| Figure 3: CD44v-xCT-GSH axis in the protection from redox stress. CSCs highly express CD44v8-10, which stabilizes xCT (cystine/glutamine) exchanging transporter, at the cellular membrane. xCT increases intracellular cysteine concentration, which leads to enhanced GSH synthesis. CSCs maintain ROS under the low level by the promoted GSH synthesis, thereby inhibiting senescence, apoptosis and autophagy. Sulfasalazine, a specific xCT inhibitor, collapses CD44v-xCT-GSH axis to regulate the redox stress in CSCs. |
