Reproduced from reference [1] by kind permission of Elsevier Press.
Glycol=Glycolysis; E.R=Endoplasmic Reticulum
Upper: Cells exist as non-bounded microdomains (shaded motifs), each having multiple entry and exit points connected by fractal energy dissipation. They may be of quite different sizes with different phases, spatial organisations and multiple activities proceeding simultaneously. Environments are created under chaotic conditions by entropy determined by structure and enzymic activity etc.; red and green arrows indicate corridors of entropic flows. Cell function is a multi-input process determined by summation of thresholds from independent origins via fractal distributions.
Lower: Changes in initial entropic states e.g., from new proteins or constitutive activity migrating into crowded environments, re-organise microdomain connectivity, creating regions of repulsion and/or attraction. These are reflected in the entropy map and thus changed environments for threshold activations. In cancer, the map is re-configured to maximise energy dissipation through dynamic activities (motility, proliferation etc).
