Variable and
Categories |
Depression(n) |
Univariate |
Multivariate |
| Yes |
No |
p-Value |
OR(95% CI) |
p-Value |
OR(95% CI) |
| Sex |
| Male* |
109 |
15 |
|
|
|
|
| Female |
130 |
10 |
0.17 |
1.8(0.77-4.14) |
0.39 |
1.6(0.54-4.95) |
| Residence |
| Addis Ababa* |
204 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
| Outside Addis Ababa |
35 |
1 |
0.17 |
4.1(0.54-31.42) |
0.17 |
4.6(0.51-42.76) |
| Religion |
| Orthodox* |
192 |
21 |
|
|
|
|
| Muslim |
22 |
2 |
0.81 |
1.2(0.26-5.48) |
0.47 |
2.0(0.30-12.99) |
| Protestant |
19 |
1 |
0.49 |
2.1(0.26-16.32) |
0.34 |
3.2(0.29-35.38) |
| Catholic** |
2 |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Others |
4 |
1 |
0.47 |
0.4(0.05-4.10) |
0.20 |
0.1(0.01-2.88) |
| Marital status |
| Single |
8 |
1 |
0.61 |
0.5(0.05-5.79) |
0.59 |
0.7(0.03-7.43) |
| Married |
166 |
17 |
0.51 |
0.6(0.18-2.32) |
0.93 |
0.9(0.19-4.62) |
| Divorced |
20 |
4 |
0.17 |
0.3(0.07-1.63) |
0.13 |
0.2(0.03-1.54) |
| Widowed* |
45 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
| Ethnicity |
| Amhara* |
135 |
16 |
|
|
|
|
| Oromo |
37 |
3 |
0.56 |
1.5(0.40-5.29) |
0.89 |
0.9(0.19-4.06) |
| Tigre |
23 |
2 |
0.69 |
1.4(0.29-6.33) |
0.32 |
2.6(0.39-17.19) |
| Gurage |
26 |
3 |
0.97 |
1.0(0.28-3.78) |
0.60 |
0.6(0.13-3.30) |
| Others |
18 |
1 |
0.47 |
2.1(0.27-17.06) |
0.60 |
2.0(0.15-26.11) |
| Educational status |
| Can’t read &write |
32 |
3 |
0.37 |
1.8(0.49-6.84) |
0.89 |
0.9(0.16-4.96) |
| Read and write only** |
16 |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Grade 1-8 |
62 |
3 |
0.06 |
3.5(0.96-12.96) |
0.24 |
2.6(0.53-13.13) |
| Grade 9-12 |
53 |
6 |
0.43 |
1.5(0.54-4.23) |
0.89 |
1.1(0.32-3.77) |
| College/University* |
76 |
13 |
|
|
|
|
| Monthly family income (ETB)*** |
| <650 |
119 |
7 |
0.01 |
3.4(1.28-8.87) |
0.09 |
3.4(0.83-13.76) |
| 651-1400 |
56 |
5 |
0.15 |
2.2(0.75-6.67) |
0.14 |
2.7(0.72-10.29) |
| >1401* |
65 |
13 |
|
|
|
|
| Waist circumference |
| <95cm* |
92 |
9 |
|
|
|
|
| >95cm |
147 |
16 |
0.81 |
0.9(0.38-2.12) |
0.66 |
0.8(0.28-2.21) |
| Current age |
| <=49 |
56 |
4 |
0.35 |
1.8(0.51-6.68) |
0.54 |
1.9(0.24-15.73) |
| 50-54 |
47 |
6 |
0.95 |
1.0(0.32-3.29) |
0.97 |
0.9(0.18-5.15) |
| 55-59 |
47 |
1 |
0.09 |
6.2(0.74-52.32) |
0.06 |
9.8(0.9-106.57) |
| 60-64 |
38 |
7 |
0.50 |
0.7(0.22-2.10) |
0.57 |
0.7(0.16-2.7) |
| >65* |
53 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
| Age at diagnosis |
| <=34 |
44 |
5 |
0.80 |
1.2(0.33-4.13) |
0.70 |
0.7(0.09-4.85) |
| 35-39 |
43 |
2 |
0.21 |
2.8(0.55-14.99 |
0.42 |
2.5(0.26-24.53) |
| 40-44 |
39 |
4 |
0.70 |
1.3(0.34-4.94) |
0.76 |
0.7(0.11-4.9) |
| 45-49 |
44 |
5 |
0.80 |
1.2(0.33-4.13) |
0.82 |
0.8(0.15-4.43) |
| 50-54 |
24 |
3 |
0.93 |
1.1(0.24-4.65) |
0.91 |
1.9(0.16-4.98) |
| >55* |
45 |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
| *=reference category; **=collinear (numerical problem; ***=1 US$, 18 Ethiopian birr, p-value=significant, <0.05; OR= Odds Ratio |
Table 3: Logistic regression examining the associations between demographic factors and depression symptoms among type 2 diabetic outpatients in Black Lion
General Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, June, 2013. |
