|
Week -6 (n=14) |
Week 0 (n=14) |
Week 6 (n=14) |
Week 12 (n=14) |
Age (yrs) |
68.9±0.7 |
68.9±0.7 |
68.9±0.7 |
68.9±0.7 |
Body Mass (kg) |
76.5±3.7 |
75.9±3.8 |
76.2±3.9 |
76.4±3.8 |
BMI (kg·m-2) |
30.2±1.4 |
30.0±1.4 |
30.1±1.4 |
30.1±1.4 |
Waist/Hip Ratio |
0.86±0.02 |
0.85±0.02 |
0.86±0.02 |
0.86±0.02 |
Blood Pressure (mmHg) |
|
|
|
|
SBPrest |
134±3 |
133±2 |
130±3 |
122±3* |
DBPrest |
76±2 |
75±2 |
70±2 |
69±2* |
Blood Profile |
|
|
|
|
ADMA (mmol·L-1) |
0.68±0.04 |
0.71±0.02 |
0.69±0.04 |
0.62±0.03* |
Homocysteine (mmol·L-1) |
12.8±1.8 |
11.6±1.3 |
11.6±0.9 |
11.6±0.8 |
Glucose (mmol·L-1) |
7.4±0.5 |
7.5±0.5 |
7.0±0.4 |
7.2±0.4 |
HbA1C (%) |
6.6±0.2 |
6.6±0.2 |
6.5±0.2 |
6.7±0.2 |
HbA1C (mmol·mol-1) |
49±2 |
49±2 |
48±2 |
50±2 |
Insulin (mU·L-1) |
11.3±2.3 |
11.0±2.2 |
12.9±2.6 |
13.6±3.5 |
Exercise Responses |
|
|
|
|
TE (min) |
13.7±0.5 |
13.9±0.4 |
15.4±0.4* |
16.4±0.4* |
VO2peak (L·min-1) |
1.49±0.03 |
1.45±0.04 |
1.53±0.05 |
1.59±0.05* |
VO2peak (mL·kg-1·min-1) |
20.0±0.9 |
19.6±1.1 |
20.5±0.9 |
21.4±1.0* |
Peak HR (b·min-1) |
143±3 |
141±5 |
144±4 |
145±3 |
VE peak (L·min-1) |
51.7±1.8 |
50.8±2.4 |
55.2±2.4* |
54.2±2.5 |
VO2Tge (L·min-1) |
1.04±0.03 |
1.01±0.04 |
1.04±0.04 |
1.12±0.05* |
Peak RER |
1.10±0.02 |
1.11±0.03 |
1.13±0.03 |
1.07±0.02 |
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; TE, time to exhaustion; VO2peak, peak oxygen uptake;
HR, heart rate; VE, ventilation; VO2 Tge, oxygen uptake at gas-exchange threshold; RER, respiratory exchange ratio.
*p < 0.05, significantly different to pre-training (0 wk) |