| Mechanisms of action |
Health effect(s) |
| Anticarcinogenic/Antimutagentic |
Inhibit cell division, induce apoptosis, block carcinogen activation, enhance DNA repair, induce detoxifying enzymes |
| Antimicrobial (antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial) |
Inhibit microbiological growth as antibiotics |
| Antioxidant |
Scavenge oxidizing agents, induce SOD, GPX, GST, catalase |
| Immunomodulatory |
Increase proinflammatory cytokine release, stimulate natural killer cells |
| Anti-hypolipidemic |
Inhibit enzymes in cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis |
| Anti-hypocholesterolemic |
Inhibit cholesterol synthesis, enhance cholesterol turnover |
| Anti-hypertensive |
Inhibit angiotensin II, induce NO and H2S, cause vasodilation |
| Anti-diabetic |
Stimulate insulin production, interfere glucose absorption |
| Anti-thrombic |
Reduce trombosane formation, change platelet membrane |
| Hepatoprotective |
Increase GSH levels by induction of GST |
