| |
Patient |
Other |
Injections characteristics |
-RTV |
+HPA |
Time to (weeks) |
ICS complications |
| |
Age (y), sex |
CD4 (/μL) |
RTV (mg) |
S |
I |
Site (dose) |
Symptom onset |
Clinical recovery |
HPA recovery |
|
| Ramanathan 2008 [12] |
35, m |
470 |
200 |
|
• |
Epidural (2x: 60 mg, 80 mg) |
• |
|
1 |
9* |
12 |
CD4 decrease, Oral thrush, AVN |
| Yombi 2008 [22] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Case 1 |
54, f |
354 |
200 |
|
• |
IA knee (40 mg) |
|
• |
2 |
- |
39 |
Symptomatic HPA |
| Case 2 |
56, m |
- |
200 |
|
|
Epidural (40 mg) |
|
• |
2 |
- |
22 |
Symptomatic HPA |
| Case 3 |
49, f |
- |
200 |
|
|
IA shoulder (40 mg) |
|
|
2.5 |
6 |
28 |
Symptomatic HPA |
| Danaher 2009 [23] |
44, m |
- |
100 |
|
|
IA hip joint (80 mg) |
• |
|
0.5 |
- |
9 |
Diabetes (ICU) |
| Dort 2009 [24] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Case 1 |
41, m |
842 |
100 |
|
|
Epidural (2x 80 mg) |
|
|
2 |
12 |
32 |
CD4 decrease, AVN |
| Case 2 |
42, f |
693 |
100 |
|
|
Subacromial space (40 mg) |
|
• |
2 |
13 |
- |
CD4 decrease |
| Herold 2010 [25] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Case1 |
27, f |
427 |
200 |
|
|
Epidural (2x 80 mg) |
• |
|
3 |
28 |
28 |
Oral thrush |
| Case2 |
62, m |
466 |
100 |
|
|
Epidural (80 mg) |
|
|
0.5 |
13 |
13 |
CD4 decrease, AVN |
| Levine 2010 [9] |
41, f |
- |
- |
|
• |
Intramuscular (60 mg) |
|
|
- |
24 |
24 |
- |
| Paul 2011 [26]† |
49, m |
- |
- |
• |
|
IA sacroiliac (3×40 mg) |
|
|
- |
- |
32 |
- |
| Albert 2012 [27] |
58, w |
400 |
100 |
|
• |
Epidural (-) |
|
|
4 |
10 |
- |
CD4 decrease |
| Conway 2012 [28]† |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Case 1 |
50, f |
- |
- |
|
• |
IA shoulders (2x), troch. Bursae (-) |
|
• |
2 |
- |
- |
Oral thrush, symptomatic HPA |
| Case 2 |
58, f |
398 |
- |
|
• |
IA knee (-) |
|
|
- |
- |
7 |
CD4 decrease |
| Fessler 2012 [6] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Case1 |
41, m |
871 |
100 |
|
• |
Epidural (80 mg) |
|
|
0.5 |
12 |
>12 |
Oral thrush |
| Case 2 |
47, f |
180 |
100 |
• |
• |
Epidural (2x 80 mg) |
• |
|
0.5 |
22 |
22 |
Oral thrush |
| Grierson 2012 [5] |
47, f |
627 |
100 |
|
• |
Epidural (3x 80 mg) |
• |
• |
3 |
- |
- |
Diabetes, hyperlipemia |
| McManus 2012 [29]† |
60, f |
- |
- |
• |
• |
Intramuscular (-) |
• |
• |
4 |
- |
- |
- |
| John 2013[21] |
51, m |
114 |
100 |
• |
|
Intramuscular (2×40 mg) |
• |
• |
2 |
- |
- |
Pulmonary embolism |
| Maviki 2013 [3] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Case 1 |
39, f |
657 |
- |
|
|
Epidural (2×40 mg) |
• |
• |
0.5 |
- |
32 |
CD4 decrease, oral thrush |
| Case 2 |
47, m |
- |
200 |
|
|
Subacromial bursae (80 mg) |
|
• |
1 |
- |
24 |
Diabetes |
| McConkey 2013 [30] |
39, f |
8 |
100 |
|
• |
Orbital floor (2×40 mg) |
• |
|
- |
5 |
8 |
- |
| Eeftinck Schattenkerk 2013 [31] |
32, m |
430 |
100 |
|
• |
IA acromioclavicular (3×10 mg) |
|
|
1 |
12 |
12 |
- |
| Song 2013 [32] |
34, f |
307 |
300 |
• |
• |
Epidural (2×60 mg) |
• |
• |
2 |
23 |
23 |
Thrombosis |
Time is expressed in weeks and estimated from the last injection day.*20 weeks for total recovery. † Unpublished.
AVN: avascular necrosis; CD4: Absolute count of CD4 lymphocytes; f: female; +HPA: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis substitution; I: use of other CYP3A inhibitor; IA:
intra articular; ICU: intensive care unit; m: male; RTV: daily dose of ritonavir; -RTV: ritonavir discontinued; S: use of other non-injected steroids; TCL: triamcinolone; y: years |
