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| Figure 3: Resveratrol and SP600125 reduce FA uptake and SP600125 red uces FA oxidation in L6 cells made insulin resistant by treatment with ritonavir+atazanavir sulfate. Basal FA uptake (A) and oxidation (B) was assessed after treatment with or without ritonavir+atazanavir sulfate (25 μM and 100 μM, respectively, 48 hr) and metformin (800 μM, 24 hr), resveratrol (100 μM, 24 hr), SP600125 (5 μM, 48 hr) or no drug (Control). Insulin-mediated (100 nM) FA uptake (C) and oxidation (D) was assessed in cells treated with or without ritonavir+atazanavir sulfate (25 μM and 100 μM, respectively, 48 hr) and metformin (800 μM, 24 hr), resveratrol (100 μM, 24 hr), SP600125 (5 μM, 48 hr) or no drug (Control). Values are mean ± SE for all treatment groups (n=4-14 per condition) and are expressed as percentage of control, where control refers to cells that are not treated with ritonavir+atazanavir sulfate, metformin, resveratrol or SP600125. (A) & (B): & P<0.05 vs. respective non-ritonavir+atazanavir sulfate treated state; * P<0.05 vs. control group similarly treated; † P<0.05 vs. metformin group similarly treated; ‡ P<0.05 vs. resveratrol group similarly treated. (C) & (D): & P<0.05 vs. respective insulin-mediated non-ritonavir+atazanavir sulfate treated state; *P<0.05 vs. insulin-mediated control group similarly treated; † P<0.05 vs. insulin-mediated metformin group similarly treated; ‡ P<0.05 vs. insulin-mediated resveratrol group similarly treated. |
