| Countries |
Population |
Seroprevalence % |
Assay |
Reference |
| Albania |
CLD |
36.6 |
Abbott HEV EIA |
[120] |
| Austria |
C-S |
14.3 |
ELISA, Fortress Diagnostics |
[92] |
| Belgium |
PT |
14 |
Elisa Biorex, Antrim |
[91] |
| Czech republic |
AH |
5
27.8 |
Not done
Abbott HEV EIA |
[101]
[102] |
| Denmark |
BD
Swine W |
20.6
50.4 |
House assay |
[89] |
| England |
BD |
16-25 |
Genelabs |
[87] |
| Finland |
PT |
11.3 |
Genelabs |
[76] |
| France |
BD AH
FW |
52
16.6
3.2
10.7
31.2 |
Wantai
Genelabs
Genelabs
Abbott HEV EIA
MP Biomedicals |
[84]
[105]
[108]
[106]
[107] |
| Germany |
AD
BD
FW |
16.8
6.8
11
18 |
Mikrogen
Mikrogen
Mikrogen
Mikrogen |
[93]
[94]
[95]
[95] |
| Greece |
R |
4.85 |
Abbott GmbH Diagnostika |
[119] |
| Hungary |
AH |
9.6 |
HEV Ab, Dia.Pro |
[100] |
| Italy |
AH I
IM
IM |
20.6
6
3.9
19.7
15.3 |
Genelabs
HEV Ab Dia.Pro,
HEV Ab Dia.Pro
HEV Ab Dia.Pro
Abbott HEV EIA |
[121]
[124]
[122]
[122]
[123] |
| Moldova |
Swine W |
51.1 |
House assay |
[98] |
| Netherlands |
PV
NPV
BD |
11
6
26.7 |
Abbott HEV EIA
Abbott HEV EIA
Wantai |
[103]
[103]
[104] |
| Poland |
ST |
26.7 |
HEV Ab Dia. Pro |
[83] |
| Portugal |
BD |
4 |
Abbott HEV EIA |
[125] |
| Romania |
ST
HW |
12.5
14 |
Mikrogen |
[97] |
| Russia |
CH |
18.2 |
House assay |
[99] |
| Scotland |
BD |
4.7 |
Wantai |
[88] |
| Serbia |
BD |
15 |
House assay |
[111] |
| Spain |
BD PT
I |
1.08
3.9
11.4
5.5 |
Diagnostic Bioprobes S.r.l.
Abbott HEV EIA
Mikrogen
Abbott HEV EIA |
[82]
[109]
[110]
[109] |
| Sweden |
BD
Swine W |
9.3
13 |
Abbott GmbH Diagnostika |
[86] |
| Switzerland |
BD |
4.9 |
Genelabs |
[96] |
| Turkey |
PW
CH AW |
12.6
7
2.1
8.5
34.8 |
Virotech
Globe Diagnostics
HEV Ab Dia.Pro
Not done
Biyoser S.r.l. |
[114]
[115]
[116]
[117]
[118] |
General population:
BD: Blood Donors; HW: Health Workers; AD: Adult Population; C-S: Civilians and Soldiers; IM: Immigrants; PW: Pregnant Women; CH: Children; ST: Student; R: Refugees; I: Italian People. |
Risk groups:
AH: Acute Hepatitis; PV: Pig Veterinarians; NPV: Non-Pig Veterinarians; CLD: Chronic Liver Disease; PT: Patients; Swine W: Professional in animal care workers, FW: Forestry Workers; AW: Agricultural Workers. The risk groups are indicated in italics |
