Preprocessing Method

V

M

V/M

Unpreprocessed

0.0463520

0.001276

36.33

VN

0.0003164

0.000166

1.91

FD

0.0000548

0.000044

1.25

FD＋VN

0.0006116

0.002221

0.28

SD

0.0000026

0.000006

0.43

SD＋VN

0.0007046

0.005114

0.14
Table 3: Effectiveness of preprocessing methods at reducing differences between spectra due to particle size variations of lactose samples as assessed by the VM ratio.
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