| Authors |
Indication |
LLLT + settings |
Treatment |
Outcome |
| Da Guarda et al. [12] |
1 pat. PC |
GaAlAs diode; 860 nm; 70 mW; SS 4 mm2. Fl: 4.2 J/cm2; 5x – 10d |
STL
EP:MH |
1 case healed |
| Vescovi et al. [10] |
BM: Stage 1 (18), 2(48) and 3(3)
MM: Stage 1(12), 2(44) and 3(3) |
Nd:YAG; 1.25 W; 15 Hz; fd320 μm; dist: 2 mm; 5x 1min, 1/w, 2 mo |
MT vs. MTL
EP:MH |
18.2% vs. 21.4 % |
| STL + LLLT as described above or
Er:YAG – Laser supported ST |
ST vs. STL vs. Er:YAG-ST; EP: MH |
53.8% vs. 70.6% vs. 90.3%; |
| Vescovi et al. [9] |
128 pat.; MM(52), BM(53), OP(23); Stage 1 (17), 2 (92), 3 (19); 101 treated sites |
Nd:YAG 1064 nm; 1.25 W; 15 Hz; DC: 0.15%; fd320 μm; dist: 2 mm; 5x1 min (PD 268.81 W/cm2, Fl:14.37 J/cm2) |
MT vs. MTL; EP: CI |
25% vs. 66% |
| ST vs.STL; EP: CI |
53%vs 89% |
| Vescovi et al. [15] |
151 pat.; 139 treated sites; MM (56); BM (65); OP (30) |
Nd:YAG 1064 nm, 1.25 W; 15 Hz; fd: 320 μm; 1/w, 2 mo |
MT vs. MTL
EP: MH |
7.85% (5/28) vs. 28.125% (9/32) |
| Nd:YAG laser; 1064 nm; 1.25 W; 15 Hz; fd: 320 μm; 1/w, 2 mo; |
ST vs. STL
EP: MH |
64.7% (11/17) vs. 72.72% (24/33) sign. |
| Martins et al. [13] |
22 pat.; BC (13); PC (4); LC (1); MM (2) |
InGaAlP diode laser; 660 nm; 40 mW, SS 0.042 cm2, Fl: 6 J/cm2; 6 s; PD: 0.24 J/point; 1/d. |
MT (3) vs. ST (5) vs. PRP + LLLT+ suturing (14) |
1/3 (33.3%) vs. 3/5 (60%) vs. 12/14 (85.7%) |
| Luomanen et al. [8] |
1 pat., MM |
Nd: YAG 1,064 nm; 1.25 W; 15 Hz; fd: 320 μm; dist: 1-2 mm; 1 min; 9x in 6 mo; 5x/session, PD:1.555 W/cm2; Fl/min 167.94 J/cm2 |
LLLT |
MH(9 w) |
| Atalay [16] |
20 pat.; BC (11); PC (1); MM(7); NEUR (1); stage 1 + 2, MT ineffective |
Nd:YAG; 1 min, dist: 4 cm; R24 950 μm fiber handpiece; 0.25 W, 10 Hz; 2.5 J. Fl: 6.25 J/cm2. |
ST vs. Er:YAG -STL |
4/10 vs. 7/10, signif. |
| Romeo et al. [7] |
12 pat.; MM (4); BM (7); OP (1); 7 pat with BRONJ |
Double diode, 650 nm + 904-910 nm; SS=8mm; Fl: 0.053J/cm2; 5x15min, 1/3d, 2w; dist: 1mm |
LLLT
EP: CI |
Sign. pain reduction 6/7 |
| Manfredi et al. [19] |
25 pat.; OP; Stage 1 (4), 2 (19), 3 (2) |
Nd:YAG; 1064 nm, dist: 2 mm; 5×1 min; PD 268.57 W/cm2; 1.25 W; 15 Hz; fd: 320 nm; 1x/w, 2 mo; |
MT vs. MTL
EP: MH (6mo) |
3/5 (40%) vs. MTL: 4/7 (57%) |
| Pat. not responsive to 3 AB cycles |
Er:YAG laser (2940 nm) ST, LLLT as described above; 1/w, 1 mo; |
ST vs. STL
EP: MH (6 mo) |
4/4 vs. 6/6 |
| Rugani et al. [14] |
5 Pat.; BRONJ stage 2; 2 Pat. dehiscences BC + MM, |
ErCrYSGG-ST; PDT: diode laser; 75 mW; 680 nm, 90s, dist: 2 mm; PS: methylene blue |
MH after 12 mo |
2/2 MH |
| Vescovi et al. [17] |
91 pat.; 55 BRONJ sites
MM (27), BM (18), OP(10),
Stage 1(8), 2(41), 3(6) |
Nd:YAG; 1,064 nm; 1.25 W; 15 Hz; fd 320 μm; dist 2 mm; 1 min; 5x; PD: 268.57 W/cm2; Fl: 2.0175 J/cm2 |
MT vs. MTL
3 Mo EP: MH |
0/13 vs. 7/17 (41%)
(P= 0.033) |
| Er:YAG laser supported surgery
Nd:YAG laser-irridation as above |
ST+ vs. Er:YAG – STL;EP: MH |
6/13 (46%) vs. 10/12 (83.3%) |
| Scoletta et al. [6] |
20 pat.; BC (6), MM (6), OP (5), PC (3); Stage 1 (2), 2 (16), 3 (2/20) |
Pulsed diode(GaAs); 904 nm; 50 kHz, Fl: 28.4 J/cm2; dc40%; SS 0.8 cm; 5 min: 59 J - 60 kHz + 10 min 120 J - 40 kHz 10x in 20 d |
LLLT; BRONJ symptoms
EP: CI |
sign: pain, clinical size, edema, pus, fistulas |
| Vescovi et al. [18] |
19 pat.; 20 sites; MM (9), BM (8), OP (2);
5 treated sites MT or MTL |
Nd:YAG; 1064 nm; 1.25 W, 15 Hz, fd 320 μm; dist 1-2 mm; 1 min; PD 1555: W/cm2, Fl/min 167.94 J/cm2); 5x/session; twice; |
Mucosal healing
Follow-up at least 4 (to 9 months) |
Medical 1/3 vs. (33.3%) vs. Medical + LLLT 2/2 (100%) |
| 15 sites ST after ineffective MT |
Nd:YAG as above; twice; (2 pat. some mo later) |
ST vs. STL
EP: MH (4 mo) |
4/8 (50%) vs. 6/7 (85.7%) |
| Miglorati et al. [58] |
1 pat. PC, stage 0 |
diode laser 815 nm; 1.0 W; fd 400 μm; pockets 5 x + fistulas 3x 15s, after 4w CO2-Laser |
EP: CI |
Progress Stage 1 |
| Merigo et al. [20] |
BM (14), MM (12), OP (3) |
Nd:YAG, settings not specified |
MT vs. ST vs. LLLT |
Partial success, not specified |
| Vescovi et al. [11] |
26 pat., MM (9), BM (14), OP (3) |
Nd:YAG; 125 W, 15Hz, 60 s, 5 x; fd 320 μm |
6 MT + 6 ST vs. 6 MTL + 6 STL
EP: MH |
4/12 (33.3%) vs. 9/14 (64.3%) |
pat: Patient; BM: Bone metastasis; PC: Prostate cancer; BC: Breast cancer; LC: Lung cancer; MM: Multiple Myeloma; NEUR: Neuroendocrine tumor; AB: Antibiotics; fd:
fibre diameter; dist: distance; PD: Power Density; Fl: Fluence; DC: duty cycle; SS: Spot size; PS: Photo sensitizer; iv. Intravenous; BP: Bisphosphonate; vs.: versus; MT:
Medical therapy; MTL: Medical therapy and LLLT; LPM: Long pulse mode; ST: Surgical therapy; STL: Surgical therapy and LLLT; d: day(s); w week(s); mo: month(s); EP:
Endpoint; MH: Mucosal healing; CI: Clinical improvement