| QUALID items | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Correlationsa | 
      
        | Item 6. Verbalizations suggest discomfort | 0.837 | 0.124 | 0.124 | 0.550 | 
      
        | Item 5. Appears physically uncomfortable | 0.767 | 0.084 | 0.084 | 0.502 | 
      
        | Item 4. Facial expression of discomfort | 0.763 | -0.093 | 0.174 | 0.586 | 
      
        | Item 11. Appears calm and comfortable | 0.567 | 0.124 | 0.297 | 0.619 | 
      
        | Item 3. Cries | 0.503 | -0.225 | 0.183 | 0.316 | 
      
        | Item 9. Enjoys touching/being touched | -0.163 | 0.891 | 0.302 | 0.375 | 
      
        | Item 10. Enjoys interacting with others | 0.027 | 0.886 | -0.176 | 0.240 | 
      
        | Item 1. Smiles | 0.209 | 0.774 | -0.187 | 0.308 | 
      
        | Item 2. Appears sad | 0.055 | -0.187 | 0.768 | 0.299 | 
      
        | Item 7. Is irritable or aggressive | 0.055 | -0.098 | 0.683 | 0.358 | 
      
        | Item 8. Enjoys eating | -0.036 | 0.385 | 0.672 | 0.485 | 
      
        | Cronbach’s a coefficient | 0.770 | 0.832 | 0.490 |  | 
      
        | Explained variance (%) | 30.4 | 22.3 | 9.6 |  |