Ingredients (%) PBM0 PBM25 PBM50 PBM75 PBM100 Poultry by-product meal 49.80 37.35 24.90 12.45 0 Tuna-cooking liquid effluent 0 18.75 37.50 56.25 75.00 Soybean meal 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Wheat flour 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Wheat gluten 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.77 Tuna oil 11.54 9.2 6.9 4.6 2.3 Vitamin premixa 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Mineral premixb 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Cellulose 17.93 13.93 9.93 5.93 1.93 Proximate composition (g/100g dry sample) Crude protein 40.62 43.88 42.90 42.78 42.53 Crude fat 16.39 15.46 13.48 10.18 8.94 Carbohydrate 7.84 6.82 6.34 6.64 3.79 Ash 18.41 16.96 13.70 11.69 9.73 Moisture 27.92 27.88 25.58 28.71 35.01

Remarks: a Vitamin premix (mg kg-1 or IU): vitamin A, 10000000 IU; vitamin D3, 1000000 IU; vitamin E, 10000 mg kg-1; vitamin K3, 1000 mg kg-1; vitamin B1, 500 mg kg-1; vitamin B2, 5000 mg kg-1; vitamin B6, 1500 mg kg -1; vitamin C, 10000 mg kg-1; folate, 1000 mg kg-1; dealmethionine, 16038 mg kg-1 b Mineral premix (mg kg-1): Ca, 147 g kg-1; P, 147 g kg-1; Fe, 2010 mg kg-1; Cu, 3621 mg kg-1; Zn, 6424 mg kg-1; Mn, 10062 mg kg-1; Co, 105 mg kg-1; I, 1000 mg kg-1; Se, 60 mgkg-1 TCLE0=Fish meal 100% and tuna-cooking liquid effluent 0% TCLE25=Fish meal 75% and tuna-cooking liquid effluent 25% TCLE50=Fish meal 50% and tuna-cooking liquid effluent 50% TCLE75=Fish meal 25% and tuna-cooking liquid effluent 75% TCLE100=Fish meal 0% and tuna-cooking liquid effluent 100%

Table 1: Ingredients and proximate composition on a dry weight basis of five experimental diets for hatchery-reared juvenile B. areolata.

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