| Variables |
Opiates |
Sedative-Hypnotics |
| (n = 88) |
(n =115) |
| Age (± SD)** |
43.5 ± 11.7 |
50.4 ± 10.9 |
| Sex % Male |
46.6% |
59.1% |
| Drug Use History |
|
|
| Age first use primary drug (± SD)** |
34.3 ± 13.6 |
20.9 ± 10.7 |
| Years of problem use (± SD)** |
6.8 ± 7 |
19.7 ± 12 |
| % Using daily (past month)** |
97.7% |
88.7% |
| % Using non-oral route of administration** |
31.8% |
0% |
| # prior detoxifications (± SD)** |
1.4 ± 2.0 |
2.2 ± 2.2 |
| % with secondary drug problem** |
72.7% |
53.9% |
| Medical History |
|
|
| % with Alcoholic Hepatitis** |
2.3% |
21.4% |
| % with Infectious Hepatitis** |
23.2% |
9.7% |
| Psychiatric History |
|
|
| % with Axis I disorders |
14.8% |
25.2% |
| % with personality disorder** |
62.5% |
45.6% |
| % with Cluster B PD** |
42% |
21.9% |
| % with a chronic pain condition** |
61.4% |
7% |
| % with chronic pain and a PD** |
31.6% |
4% |
