| Study name and year of publication |
Country of study |
Study design |
Period of observation |
Population sample |
Source of SES data |
Measure of association |
SES variable |
Reported value of the association measure |
|
| Pre-HAART period |
|
| 1.Chaisson et al. 1995 [70] |
USA |
Prospective cohort |
1989-1994 |
1372 HIV-infected patients |
Self-report |
Crude RR |
Income
Employment
Education |
0.98 (0.78-1.22)
0.77 (0.67-0.89)*
1.15 (0.92-1.43) |
|
| 2.Palombi et al. 1997 [71] |
Italy |
Prospective cohort |
1992-1994 |
168 PWA |
Self-report |
Crude RR |
SER index |
1.02 (p-value=.8) |
|
| 3.Katz et al. 1998[72] |
USA |
Retrospective cohort |
1985-1995 |
18,167 PWA |
Census block group |
HR adjusted for gender, age, ethnicity, risk group, site & period of AIDS diagnosis, clinical variables |
Poverty
Working class
Education |
1.03 (0.97-1.08)
1.03 (0.98-1.08)
0.96 (0.9-1.01) |
|
| 4.Lee & Rotheram-Borus 2001 [73] |
USA |
Prospective cohort |
1993-1995 |
307 HIV-infected parents of adolescent children |
Self-report |
Crude RR |
Education
Financial status
Social support |
1.43 (1.01-2.07)*
1.51 (0.90-2.54)
0.77 (0.64-0.93)* |
| Studies comparing pre-HAART and post-HAART periods |
| 5. Rapiti et al. 2000 [74] |
Italy |
Retrospective cohort |
1993-1995
&
1996-1998 |
1,474 PWA |
Census
block |
HR adjusted for age, gender, CD4 count at diagnosis, risk factor, AIDS-defining illness, center of diagnosis |
SES index |
1.08 (0.83-1.38) (1993-1995)
2.67 (1.28-5.6)*
(1996-1998) |
| 6.McFarland et al. 2003 [35] |
USA |
Retrospective cohort |
1980-1995 &
1996-2001 |
2918 HIV-infected patients |
Census block |
HR adjusted for age, CD 4 count, IDU status, HAART |
Income |
0.99 (0.98-1.00)
(1980-1995)
0.93 (0.86-1.01)
(1996-2001) |
| Post-HAART period |
| 7. Lieb et al. 2002 [74] |
USA |
Retrospective case-control |
1999 |
120 HIV-infected cases who died
240 HIV-infected controls alive |
Self-report |
Crude OR |
Living situation
Homelessness
Insurance (Medicaid vs. Ryan White) |
2.70 (1.45-5.02)*
2.93 (1.20-7.15)*
3.09 (1.75-5.46)* |
| 8. Wood et al. 2002 [75] |
Canada |
Prospective cohort |
1996-2000 |
1408 HIV-infected |
Census track |
RR adjusted for age, ART adherence, history of IDU, CD4 count, viral load, baseline AIDS |
Income |
2.03 (1.32-3.12)* |
| 9. Young et al. 2004 [76] |
Switzerland |
Prospective cohort |
2002 |
3736 HIV-infected patients |
Self-report |
HR adjusted for age, sex, transmission group, viral load, CD4 count, disease stage, ART, education. |
Stable partnership |
0.59 (0.44-0.79)* |
| 10.Cunningham et al. 2005 [77] |
USA |
Prospective cohort |
1996-2000 |
2864 HIV-infected patients |
Self-report |
HR adjusted for age, gender, CD4 count, risk factor, homelessness, region of receiving care, clinical stage, ART |
Wealth (none vs. $50,000)
Income ($10,000 vs. $25,000)
Education (no high school degree)
Unemployment
Insurance (none vs. private)
Homelessness |
1.81 (1.09-3.00)*
0.78 (0.56-1.08)
1.52 (1.14-2.02)*
1.44 (1.07-1.95)*
0.62 (0.44-0.88)*
0.99 (0.7-1.4) |
| 11.Kozinetz et al. 2005 [78] |
Romania |
Prospective cohort |
1999-2001 |
333 HIV-infected children |
Self-report |
HR adjusted for AIDS at baseline |
Education: Father’s
Mother’s
Unemployment |
0.4 (0.2-0.8)*
0.3 (0.1-1.0)
3.6 (1.1-11.5)* |
| 12. Palange et al. 2005 [79] |
Italy |
Retrospective cohort |
1996-2002 |
1,368 PWA |
Census track |
HR adjusted for age, gender, risk factor, period and hospital of diagnosis, CD4 count, AIDS-defining illness |
SES level
Income |
1.09 (0.77-1.54)
1.38 (0.96-1.98) |
| 13.Jain et al. 2006 [80] |
USA |
Retrospective cohort |
1996-2002 |
5007 PWA |
Medical record |
HR adjusted for HAART use, OI at AIDS diagnosis, age, race, risk factor |
Insurance (private vs. public) |
0.55 (0.5-0.6) |
| 14.Delpierre et al. 2008 [81] |
France |
Prospective cohort |
1996-2006 |
6805 HIV-infected patients |
Self-report |
HR adjusted for period of HIV diagnosis, medical center, age, risk factor, ART |
Unemployment |
3.75 (2.11-6.6)* |
| 15.Liotta et al. 2008 [82] |
Italy |
Prospective cohort |
1994-2005
&
1996-2005 |
382 HIV-infected patients
161 HIV-infected patients |
Self-report |
Crude RR
RR adjusted for clinical staging, CD4 count |
Housing
Education
SEI |
1.91 (1.15-3.17)*
0.71 (0.58-0.87)*
4.14 (1.28-13.4)* |
| 16. Joy et al. 2008 [83] |
Canada |
Prospective cohort |
1997-2005 |
2168 HIV-infected patients |
Census track |
Crude HR
HR adjusted for age, CD4 count, viral load, adherence, late access to ART |
Unemployment
Income
Poverty
Education |
1.53 (1.28-1.78)*
0.95 (0.94-0.97)*
1.07 (1.01-1.13)*
0.80 (0.71-0.91)* |
| 17.McDavid-Harrison et al. 2008 [84] |
USA |
Prospective-retrospective cohort |
1996-2006 |
HIV-infected 174,569 men & 74,128 women |
Census county level |
RR adjusted for time from HIV diagnosis, age, race/ethnicity, risk factor, CD4 count, AIDS |
Poverty:
for men
for women |
1.3 (1.16-1.47)*
1.77 (1.43-2.20)* |
| 18.Chen et al. 2009 [85] |
USA |
|
1996-2004 |
PWA 266 cases & 1173 controls |
Medical records |
OR adjusted for age, year of diagnosis, stage of disease, year of HAART initiation & regimen |
Insurance (public vs. private) |
2.80 (1.77-4.42)* |
| 19.Druyts et al. 2009 [86] |
Canada |
Prospective cohort |
1997-2005 |
533 HIV-infected patients |
Census track |
Crude HR |
Unemployment
Education
Income |
2.2 (1.67-2.89)*
0.6 (0.5-0.73)*
1.29 (1.17-1.42)* |
| 20.Silverberg et al. 2009 [87] |
USA |
Retrospective cohort |
1996-2005 |
4686 HIV-infected patients |
Census track
Medical record |
Crude HR |
Education
Income
Insurance |
0.85 (0.62-1.15)
0.78 (0.53-1.15)
1.78 (1.28-2.48)* |
| 21. Arnold et al. 2009 [88] |
USA |
Prospective-retrospective cohort |
1996-2006 |
4211 PWA |
Census zip code |
HR adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, CD4 count, risk factor, ART initiation |
Neighborhood socioeconomic context
Insurance (private vs. none) |
0.85 (0.67-1.07)
0.65 (0.52-0.8)* |
