| Antioxidant modalities |
Nature of experiment |
Subjects |
Outcome |
Duration |
References |
| Serum levels of vitamins A and E |
Non-concurrent prospective study in 341 men. |
vitamin E levels (23.5 μmol/l) |
Decrease in risk of progression to AIDS |
- |
Tang et al. [159] |
Antioxidant vitamins (A,C,E) supplementation
|
Measurement of levels of oxidatively-modified DNA bases in lymphocytes of sero-positive patients & controls. |
Asymptomatic HIV-infected patients (n is 30), as well as in control groups (10 healthy volunteers and 15 HIV-sero-negative injected drug users). |
Significant decrease in the levels of all modified DNA bases; decreased antioxidant enzyme activities |
6 months. |
Jaruga et al. [54] |
| Daily supplements of vitamin A, multivitamins (vitamins B, C, and E). |
1078 pregnant women infected with HIV in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. |
Human |
Significantly higher CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts and significantly lower viral loads. Multivitamin supplements delay the progression of HIV disease and provide an effective |
Over a two-year period |
Fawzi et al. [211] |
| Selenium therapy trial |
Two hundred and fifty-nine HIV-infected participants were enrolled in a randomized double blind trial. |
Human |
Lower risk of hospitalization |
1998 to 2000. |
Burbano et al. [117] |
| Endogenous Vitamin C |
85 HIV positive patients |
Human |
No difference were found in the level of vitamin C |
3 to 6 months. |
Ngondi et al. [30] |
| Vitamins E and C |
50 mg/kg diet α-tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin E (200 mg·kg–1 diet, |
Fifty male rabbits. |
Increase in TBA-RS
association with supranutritional levels of vitamins E and C inhibited the
oxidative processes and improved the characteristics of fresh and stored rabbit semen |
For 5 wks starting from the 5th month of age |
Castellini et al. [142] |
| Zidovudine (AZT) and vitamin C |
AZT (1 mg/ml) in the drinking water, six vitamin C (10 g/kg of food) and AZT, six vitamin C alone |
Animal (rat) |
AZT caused morphological alterations in cardiac myocyte mitochondria, prevented by vitamin C; Vitamin C antagonizes these adverse effects of AZT |
Long-term treatment for 8 months |
Papparella et al. [116] |
