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| Figure 5: Effects of IL-17A/IL-22 on intestinal epithelial cell survival in vitro and correlation of IL-17+ and IL-22+ cells with mucosal pathology in intestinal tissues of SIV-infected macaques in situ. Representative histogram of intestinal epithelial cells (A) and their proliferation (B) after in vitro stimulation with IL-22 (blue), IL-17A (green), or both (red) compared with media controls (grey) after 24h culture; (C) Percentage of live epithelial cells after stimulation with IL-22, IL-17A, or both compared to media alone controls after 24h culture. The data in (C) show results from five different normal (uninfected) animals. (D and E) Confocal microscopy showing IL-17 (green) and IL-22 (red)- producing cells in mitogen-stimulated intestinal explants from uninfected (D) and chronically SIV-infected (E) macaques. Scale bar, 10μm. Note the loss of IL-22+ cells in SIV-infected intestinal tissues. (F and G) Confocal microscopy showing desmin (green), collagen (red) and nuclei (blue) in jejunum from a chronically SIV-infected (F) and uninfected (G) macaque. Note increased collagen deposition in the lamina propria of the infected macaque; (H and I) Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections of jejunum from a chronically SIVinfected macaque (H) and uninfected macaque (I) (10×). Note intestinal villus blunting and fusion in the jejunum of the SIV infected macaque. |
