| Anti-CCR5 antibody |
Ref |
Study |
Immunogen/Vector |
Adjuvant/Route/ Schedule |
Biological features |
Limits |
| Nt and ECL2 Abs |
[101] |
Preclinical, mice |
ECL2 (aa 168–182)
peptide emulsified in
mono-oleate/fatty acid
(L3) adjuvant |
IN DNA priming
and booster IM
immunization |
Serum and mucosal IgG and
IgA (intestinal, vaginal and
lung).
Long-lasting IgG and IgA
(12 months from boosting).
IN DNA prime+peptide
booster induced HIVblocking
antibodies and
B memory cells. |
Human/simian CCR5
sequences.
Not conformed peptide. |
| ECL1 Abs |
[87] |
Preclinical, mice |
ECL1 conformed in
FHV capsid protein |
Freund’s adjuvant
by IM and IN
administration |
IgG and IgA.
Long lasting CCR5
downregulation on PBMC
and mucosal fluids.
Transcytosis inhibition. |
Human ECL1 sequence. |
| Nt Abs |
[89] |
Preclinical,
rabbits |
Nt (M1-S7)
conjugated with KHL. |
Fusion with a Tspecific
peptide
from Tetanus
toxoid |
Binding to N-term and
full CCR5.
HIV block in macrophages
in vitro.
. |
Not conformed, human Nt
sequences.
Low proportion of CCR5-
specific antibodies |
Nt-and ECL2-
CCR5 |
[94] |
Preclinical, rats |
Nt, cyclic ECL2 and
Nt+cyclic ECL2 |
Phage Qbeta-based
VLPs by IM or
aerosol route |
Strong IgG and IgA in
serum
Aerosol boost induced
mucosal IgA |
Macaque CCR5
sequences. |
| CCR5 Abs |
[106] |
Preclinical, mice |
Homologous, Nt,
ECL1, ECL2
sequences conformed
in FHV capsid
protein. |
Alum best adjuvant
than Freund’s,
RIBI, Montanide.
IM priming +
mucosal IN
boosting best
schedule among 13
protocols
compared. |
Murine CCR5 sequences.
Full tolerance break.
Serum and mucosal IgG and
IgA.
Long lasting CCR5
downregulation in PBMC
and mucosal fluids.
Mucosal IgA priming.
Transcytosis inhibition. No signs of autoimmunity. |
Low IgA recovery from
mucosal fluids. |
