| |
Total Sample (N=225) n (%) |
No IPVA (N=160)
n (%) |
IPV History (N+65)
n (%) |
| Total |
225 |
160 (71.1) |
65 (28.9) |
| Education |
| Less than secondary |
19 (8.6) |
12 (7.6) |
7 (11.1) |
| Secondary |
134 (60.9) |
91 (58.0) |
43 (68.3) |
| More than secondary |
67 (30.5) |
54 (34.4) |
13 (20.6) |
| Marital status |
| Married |
156 (69.8) |
119 (74.4)*** |
37 (57.8)*** |
| Single |
32 (14.7) |
31 (19.4)*** |
1 (1.6)*** |
| Divorced/Separated |
36 (15.6) |
10 (6.2)*** |
26 (40.6)*** |
| Living situation |
| Lives with primary partner in Almaty |
139 (62.3) |
98 (61.6) |
41 (64.1) |
| Primary partner does not live in Almaty |
84 (37.7) |
61 (38.4) |
23 (35.9) |
| Ethnicity |
| Kazakh |
57 (25.4) |
44 (27.5)** |
13 (20.0)** |
| Kyrgyz |
65 (29) |
47 (29.4)** |
18 (27.7)** |
| Uzbek |
20 (8.9) |
8 (5.0)** |
12 (18.5)** |
| Other (Russian, Uighur, Turkish, Gypsy/Roma, Dungan, Korean) |
82 (36.7) |
61 (38.1)** |
21 (32.3)** |
| Immigration status |
| Legal resident of Kazakhstan |
84 (37.3) |
62 (38.8) |
22 (33.8) |
| OtherB |
141 (62.7) |
98 (61.2) |
43 (66.2) |
| Alcohol & drug use |
| Problematic alcohol use |
16 (7.1) |
9 (5.6) |
7 (10.8) |
| Any lifetime drug use |
7 (3.1) |
4 (2.5) |
3 (4.7) |
| Mobility |
| Has travelled to sell or purchase goods in the last year |
84 (37.3) |
53 (33.1)* |
31 (47.7)* |
| Above the median number of times traveling to see family and friends in the past year (median = 3 times) |
98 (43.6) |
61 (38.1)* |
37 (56.9)* |
| Above the median days spent outside of Almaty on the last trip (median = 10 days) |
73 (32.4) |
48 (30.0) |
25 (38.5) |
| |
Mean (SD) |
| Age |
28.6 (4.5) |
27.9 (4.8)*** |
30.3 (2.9)*** |
† p<0.1, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001
ANever or ever having experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) over the course of one’s lifetime
BIncludes official registration with the migrant office, temporary migrant registration, or illegal |
