| Antibody |
Epitope region |
Epitope type |
Structure known? |
Hurdles to overcome |
Key references |
| 2F5, 4E10 |
gp41MPER |
Continuous, conformational and composite (protein-lipid) |
Yes, but only in context of antibody-peptide complex |
Instructing B cells to recognize peptide-lipid antigens. Overcoming immune tolerance mechanisms without inducing autoimmune pathology |
[70,71,73,74,82] |
| b12
VRC01
|
gp120CD4bs |
Discontinuous protein |
Yes, in context of core gp120 and also at lower resolution with cryo-EM in context of trimer |
Focusing B cell responses towards ‘site of vulnerability’, overcoming low immunogenicity, instructing antibody ‘angle of approach’ to trimer |
[37,38,86,87,88,93,112, 114,127] |
| PG9, PG16 |
gp120 quaternary V1/V2 |
Continuous, conformational, composite (protein-glycan) |
Yes in context of constrained mimetic |
Instructing B cells to recognize glycopeptide epitopes |
[95] |
| PGT 128 |
Gp120 glycopeptideV3 |
Continuous, conformational, composite (protein-glycan) |
Yes in context of outer domain construct of gp120 |
Instructing B cells to recognize glycopeptide epitopes |
[97] |
| 2G12 |
gp120 glycan |
Discontinuous glycan |
Yes in context of synthetic glycans |
Instructing B cells to recognize glycans. Presenting glycan arrays that appear foreign to host and may not require breaking of immune self tolerance |
[101] |
|
