| Author |
Year |
Study |
Cases (n) |
Treatment |
Recovery |
Recovery Time (h) |
Notes |
| Baris |
2011 |
CR |
1 |
Papaverine |
Y |
3 |
|
| Barkhordarian |
2000 |
CR |
1 |
Iloprost |
Y |
few hours |
|
| Desmukh |
1989 |
CR |
1 |
P |
Y |
20 |
|
| ElMaraghy |
1998 |
S |
6 |
P |
Y |
NR |
|
| |
|
|
|
NG |
Sensory loss |
NR |
|
| |
|
|
|
Nifedipine |
N |
15.5 |
persisting sensory loss |
| |
|
|
|
P |
Y |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Nil |
Y |
10 |
|
| |
|
|
|
PG |
Y |
|
|
| Fitzcharles |
2005 |
S |
2 |
nil |
Y |
|
5 cases reported, but 3 intentional injection with epinephrine |
| Hardy |
1995 |
CR |
1 |
P |
Y |
|
|
| Hinterberger |
1994 |
CR |
1 |
P |
Y |
1 |
|
| Janssen |
2008 |
CR |
1 |
P |
Y |
0.33 |
|
| Kaspersen |
1998 |
CR |
1 |
NG |
Y |
NR |
|
| Khairalla |
2001 |
CR |
1 |
CCB/P |
Y |
NR |
|
| Klemawesch |
2009 |
CR |
1 |
P/02 |
Y |
48 |
|
| Lee |
1998 |
S |
2 |
NG |
Y |
1 |
|
| McCauley |
1991 |
CR |
1 |
NG/P |
Y |
0.3 |
|
| Mathez |
2009 |
CR |
1 |
NG + Vasodil |
Y |
8 (2months) |
|
| Molony |
2006 |
CR |
1 |
P |
Y |
30 |
|
| Murali |
1998 |
CR |
1 |
P |
Y |
NA |
|
| Nagaraj |
2009 |
S |
7 |
NG (patch) |
Y |
|
|
| Patel |
2013 |
CR |
1 |
NG |
Y |
NA |
|
| Pyeko |
2013 |
CR |
1 |
NG/T |
Y |
0.33 |
|
| Schintler |
2005 |
CR |
1 |
nil |
Y |
|
|
| Sellens |
1999 |
CR |
1 |
NG/P |
Y |
0.1 |
|
| Sherman |
2011 |
CR |
1 |
NG |
Y |
48 |
|
| Singh |
2007 |
CR |
1 |
W/NG/PG P |
Y |
|
|
| Skorpinski |
2006 |
S |
2 |
NG |
Y |
2.5 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Nil |
Y |
2 |
|
| Stier |
1999 |
S |
3 |
T |
Y |
0.25 |
|
| |
|
|
|
T |
Y |
0.5 |
|
| |
|
|
|
T/NG |
Y |
1 |
|
| Turner |
2004 |
CR |
1 |
NG/P |
Y |
NA |
|
| Velissariou |
2004 |
S |
3 |
NG |
Y |
6 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Nil |
Y |
NA |
|
| |
|
|
|
P |
Y |
0.1 |
|
| Xu |
2012 |
CR |
1 |
P |
Y |
0.2 |
|
| Yousif |
2009 |
CR |
1 |
P + NG |
Y |
1 |
|
Abbreviations: CR: Case Report; S: Series; NR: Not Reported;
Treatment (P: Phentolamine; NG: Topical Nitroglycerin; T:
Terbutaline; O2: Hyperbaric Oxygen; CCB: Calcium Channel Blocker;
W: Warming). "+" indicates both treatments given but timing not
statedeg P +NG indicates both treatments given but order not stated;
"/"indicates sequential treatment eg NG/P indicates use of
phentolamine after failure of reversal with topical nitroglycerin |
