| Added    chemicals | 
        Average    population (n=3), CFU/carrier
                E×posure    condition (kGy) | 
       
      
        |   | 
        2 kGy | 
        5 kGy | 
       
      
        | Not    added (Control) | 
        1.54×105 | 
        2.41×102 | 
       
      
        | CaCO3 | 
        1.45×105 | 
        2.53×102 | 
       
      
        | 0.2    % Calcium Lactate | 
        1.72×105 | 
        3.09×102 | 
       
      
        | 0.5%    Soluble starch | 
        1.46×105 | 
        2.51×102 | 
       
      
        | 0.15%    Activated charcoal | 
        1.42×105 | 
        2.63×102 | 
       
      
        | L-alanine    at 100 μg/ml | 
        1.78×105 | 
        3.12×102 | 
       
      
        | D-alanine    at 100 μg/ml | 
        1.80×105 | 
        2.93×102 | 
       
      
        | 0.1    % Panvitan powder | 
        1.52×105 | 
        2.33×102 | 
       
      
        | 0.1    % Amino acids mi×ture | 
        1.80×105 | 
        2.82×102 | 
       
      
        | 0.5    % Sodium pyruvate | 
        1.48×105 | 
        2.34×102 | 
       
      
        | 0.5    % Glucose | 
        1.72×105 | 
        2.98×102 | 
       
      |