| 
           | 
        VEGF expression  | 
           | 
        COX-2 expression  | 
           | 
       
      
           | 
           | 
        Positive  | 
        Negative  | 
           | 
        Positive  | 
        Negative  | 
           | 
       
      
        Characteristics  | 
        Cases  | 
        n (%)  | 
        n (%)  | 
        P  | 
        n (%)  | 
        n (%)  | 
        P  | 
       
      
        Gender  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.249  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.992  | 
       
      
        Female  | 
        47  | 
        26(55.3)  | 
        21(44.7)  | 
           | 
        29(61.7)  | 
        18(38.3)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Male  | 
        191  | 
        123(64.4)  | 
        68(35.6)  | 
           | 
        118(61.8)  | 
        73(38.2)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Age(years)  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.124  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.509  | 
       
      
        <55  | 
        47  | 
        34(72.3)  | 
        13(27.7)  | 
           | 
        31(66.0)  | 
        16(34.0)  | 
           | 
       
      
        ≥55  | 
        191  | 
        115(60.2)  | 
        76(39.8)  | 
           | 
        116(60.7)  | 
        75(39.3)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Tumor location  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.679  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.309  | 
       
      
        Cardia  | 
        121  | 
        76(62.8)  | 
        45(37.2)  | 
           | 
        77(63.6)  | 
        44(36.4)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Corpus  | 
        49  | 
        33(67.3)  | 
        16(32.7)  | 
           | 
        33(67.3)  | 
        16(32.7)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Antrum  | 
        58  | 
        33(56.9)  | 
        25(43.1)  | 
           | 
        30(51.7)  | 
        28(48.3)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Whole Stomach  | 
        10  | 
        7(70.0)  | 
        3(30.0)  | 
           | 
        7(70.0)  | 
        3(30.0)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Tumor size  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.013  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.050  | 
       
      
        <5 cm  | 
        109  | 
        59(54.1)  | 
        50(45.9)  | 
           | 
        87(67.4)  | 
        42(32.6)  | 
           | 
       
      
        ≥5 cm  | 
        129  | 
        90(69.8)  | 
        39(30.2)  | 
           | 
        60(55.0)  | 
        49(45.0)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Histological    type  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.722  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.004  | 
       
      
        Tubular or Papillary  | 
        212  | 
        132(62.3)  | 
        80(37.7)  | 
           | 
        131(61.8)  | 
        81(38.2)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Mucinous  | 
        19  | 
        12(63.2)  | 
        7(36.8)  | 
           | 
        16(84.2)  | 
        3(15.8)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Squamous cell  | 
        3  | 
        3(100.0)  | 
        0(0.0)  | 
           | 
        0(0.0)  | 
        3(100.0)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Adenosquamous  | 
        2  | 
        1(50.0)  | 
        1(50.0)  | 
           | 
        0(0.0)  | 
        2(100.0)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Neuroendocrine  | 
        2  | 
        1(50.0)  | 
        1(50.0)  | 
           | 
        0(0.0)  | 
        2(100.0)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Differentiation  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.610  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.121  | 
       
      
        Well+Intermediate  | 
        134  | 
        82(61.2)  | 
        52(38.8)  | 
           | 
        77(57.5)  | 
        57(42.5)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Poorly  | 
        104  | 
        67(64.4)  | 
        37(35.6)  | 
           | 
        70(67.3)  | 
        34(32.7)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Serosa invasion  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.023  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.001  | 
       
      
        No  | 
        58  | 
        29(50.0)  | 
        29(50.0)  | 
           | 
        25(43.1)  | 
        33(56.9)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Yes  | 
        180  | 
        120(66.7)  | 
        60(33.3)  | 
           | 
        122(67.8)  | 
        58(32.3)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Clinical stage  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.001  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.195  | 
       
      
        Early  | 
        17  | 
        4(23.5)  | 
        13(76.5)  | 
           | 
        8(47.1)  | 
        9(52.9)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Advanced  | 
        221  | 
        145(65.6)  | 
        76(34.4)  | 
           | 
        139(62.9)  | 
        82(37.1)  | 
           | 
       
      
        TNM stage  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.014  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.000  | 
       
      
        I+II  | 
        104  | 
        56(53.8)  | 
        48(46.2)  | 
           | 
        51(49.0)  | 
        53(51.0)  | 
           | 
       
      
        III+IV  | 
        134  | 
        93(69.4)  | 
        41(30.6)  | 
           | 
        96(71.6)  | 
        38(28.4)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Lymph node    metastasis  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.014  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.002  | 
       
      
        No  | 
        86  | 
        45(52.3)  | 
        41(47.7)  | 
           | 
        42(48.8)  | 
        44(51.2)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Yes  | 
        152  | 
        104(68.4)  | 
        48(31.6)  | 
           | 
        105(69.1)  | 
        47(30.9)  | 
           | 
       
      
        COX-2 expression  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.006  | 
           | 
           | 
        -  | 
       
      
        Positive n (%)  | 
        147  | 
        102(69.4)  | 
        45(30.6)  | 
           | 
        -  | 
        -  | 
           | 
       
      
        Negative n (%)  | 
        91  | 
        47(51.6)  | 
        44(48.4)  | 
           | 
        -  | 
        -  | 
           | 
       
      
        Family history  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.311  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.989  | 
       
      
        No  | 
        217  | 
        138(63.6)  | 
        79(36.4)  | 
           | 
        134(61.8)  | 
        83(38.2)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Yes  | 
        21  | 
        11(52.4)  | 
        10(47.6)  | 
           | 
        13(61.9)  | 
        8(38.1)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Smoking  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.403  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.099  | 
       
      
        No or occasionally  | 
        112  | 
        67(59.8)  | 
        45(40.2)  | 
           | 
        63(56.3)  | 
        49(43.8)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Yes  | 
        126  | 
        82(65.1)  | 
        44(34.9)  | 
           | 
        84(66.7)  | 
        42(33.3)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Alcohol drinking  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.421  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.185  | 
       
      
        No or occasionally  | 
        123  | 
        74(60.2)  | 
        49(39.8)  | 
           | 
        71(57.7)  | 
        52(42.3)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Yes  | 
        115  | 
        75(65.2)  | 
        40(34.8)  | 
           | 
        76(66.1)  | 
        39(33.9)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Pickled or    salted food  | 
           | 
           | 
           | 
        0.180  | 
           | 
           | 
        0.289  | 
       
      
        No or occasionally  | 
        123  | 
        72(58.5)  | 
        51(41.5)  | 
           | 
        72(58.5)  | 
        51(41.5)  | 
           | 
       
      
        Yes  | 
        115  | 
        77(67.0)  | 
        38(33.0)  | 
           | 
        75(65.2)  | 
        40(34.8)  | 
           | 
       
     
     
    P, Two-sided χ2 test  |