| Structure studied |
Evidences |
Conclusions |
References |
| Human Placenta |
Acetaldehyde induce oxidative stress and reaches the foetus either by placental production or by placental transference |
Oxidative stress affects foetal and placental growth and alters placental metabolic functions |
Henderson et al.,[3]
Bosco[4]
Ornoy[5]
Bosco and Díaz[2] |
| Rat Placenta |
Impaired EVT motility and its invasiving functions |
Inadequate placentation in the rat |
Gundogan et al.,[6]
Pijnenborg et al.[7] |
| Isolated alcohol perfused human placental cotyledon |
Impairement in the transfer of fetal nutrients such as glucose, amino acids and zinc |
Direct placental toxicity |
Fisher and Karl[8] |
| Perfused ethanol human placental villous |
Decreased nitric oxide release |
Adverse effect on placental blood flow |
Kay et al.,[9]
Myatt L, Cui X[10] |
