| Sampling Region in Pakistan |
Types of Mycotoxins studied |
Types of Foodstuffs Analyzed |
No. of Samples Analyzed |
Aflatoxins Level
µg/kga |
Percentage of positive samplesb |
References |
| Punjab |
aflatoxin B1, total aflatoxins and ochratoxin A |
rice
corn
corn products |
68
105
102 |
12.08
5.47
7.85 |
28
14
20 |
[68] |
| 36 districts of Punjab |
aflatoxin M1 |
milk
sweet |
232
138 |
0.252
0.58 |
32
78 |
[76] |
Across
Pakistan |
aflatoxin B1,
B2, G1, G2 |
paddy rice
parboiled rice
brown rice
white rice
broken rice |
58
69
84
93
109 |
16.35
14.20
9.85
7.10
8.50 |
64
38
33
42
50 |
[40] |
| Punjab |
Aflatxin M1 |
milk,
yogurt,
white cheese, cheese cream, Butter |
107
96
119
150
74 |
150.7
90.4
147.8
102.6
69.7 |
58
47
15
11
52 |
[77] |
| Faisalabad District Punjab |
Aflatxin M1 |
buffaloes milk,
cows milk,
goats milk,
sheep milk,
camels milk |
55
40
30
24
20 |
0.013
0.014
0.002
0.002
Nil |
15.8
20
nil
nil
nil |
[78] |
| Punjab |
Aflatoxin B1,
B2, G1, G2 |
Longi chilies
Wonder hot chilies
Skyline 1 chilies |
15
12
13 |
15.91
5.77
12.15 |
53
8
38 |
[79] |
Swat Valley
NWFP |
Aflatoxin B1ochratoxin A |
Maize Kernels upper swat
Maize Kernels lower swat |
18
18 |
14.94
16.22 |
66
88 |
[80] |
| Major districts of Punjab |
AflatoxinB1
Aflatoxin M1 |
halva
pistachio
almonds
semolina
cardamom
raisins
halva puri
wheat powder |
56
71
63
69
34
46
39
53 |
3.79
9.48
12.98
7.45
2.34
5.34
7.80
5.67 |
20
23
34
12
11
7
9
11 |
[81] |
Punjab 4 districts
(Faisalabad, Lahore, Jhang and Toba Tek Singh) |
aflatoxin B1,
B2, G1, G2
Ochratoxin A |
open market:
chilli sauce
crushed chilli
powdered chilli
Resturant:
chilli sauce
crushed chilli
powdered chilli |
26
29
34
24
28
29 |
10.4
22.9
27.5
11.3
19.8
21.1 |
12
27
35
8
32
41 |
[82] |
| NWFP and Northern area of Pakistan |
aflatoxin B1,
B2, G1, G2 |
Dried fruits & nuts:
dried apricot,
dates,
dried figs,
mulberries,
dried raisins,
apricot kernels,
almonds with shells,
almonds without shells,
walnuts with shells,
walnuts without shells,
peanut with shells,
peanuts without shells,
pistachios with shells,
pistachios without shells,
pine nuts with shell, |
20
20
10
15
10
15
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10 |
4.55
2.5
5.81
2.22
5.05
2.65
nil
2.13
6.45
3.43
5.10
5.20
2.10
6.34
3.25 |
5
nil
30
nil
10
7
nil
nil
20
30
10
20
nil
20
nil |
[83] |
| Central area of punjab |
Aflatoxin M1 |
Winter season & summer
Raw milk
UHT milk
Yogurt
Butter
Ice cream |
48 & 56
45 & 39
51 & 45
35 & 35
42 & 37 |
0.073 & 0.028
0.060 & 0.021
0.053 & 0.019
0.036 & 0.015
0.021 & 0.012 |
27 & 23
24 & 23
25 & 18
34 & 20
17 & 5 |
[84] |
