| Author |
Country |
Prevalence |
Mean age |
Age range |
Gender preponderance |
Sample |
Year |
Evaluation of IA |
| Johansson and Gotestam [13] |
Norway |
2% |
14.9 |
12-18 |
M > F |
3237 |
2004 |
Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire (telephone/mail) |
| Morahan-Martin and Schumache [20] |
USA |
8.1% |
20.72 |
Not addressed |
M > F |
277 |
2000 |
Pathological Internet Use Scale |
| Anderson [29] |
USA |
9.8% |
Not addressed |
Not addressed |
M > F |
1078 |
2001 |
Internet use per day; assessment of academic, social or lifestyle problems |
| Yuen and Lavin [30] |
USA |
15.2%* |
Not addressed |
18+ |
Not addressed |
283 |
2004 |
Questionnaire based on DSM-IV substance dependence |
| Leung [31] |
Hong Kong |
37.9% |
19.8 |
16-24 |
F > M |
699 |
2004 |
Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire (telephone) |
| Greenfield [32] |
USA/Canada |
5.7% |
33 |
8-85 |
M = F |
17,251 |
1999 |
Virtual Addiction Survey (online) |
| Chou and Hsiao [33] |
Taiwan |
5.9% |
21.11 |
20-25 |
M > F |
910 |
2000 |
Chinese Internet-Related Addictive Behavior
Inventory, version II / Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire |
| Kubey et al [34] |
USA |
9.26% |
20.25 |
18-45 |
M = F |
576 |
2001 |
Self-reported Internet dependency and related psychological factors |
| Lin and Tsai [35] |
Taiwan |
11.8% |
Not addressed |
Not addressed |
M > F |
753 |
2002 |
Internet Addiction Scale for Taiwanese High Schoolers |
| Whang et al. [36] |
Korea |
3.5% |
26.74 |
20-50 |
M = F |
13,588 |
2003 |
Modified Young’s Internet Addiction Scale (online) |
| Kaltiala-Heino et al.[37] |
Finland |
1.4%-1.7% |
15.6* |
12-18 |
M > F |
7229 |
2004 |
Questionnaire based on DSM-IV pathological gambling |
| Yoo et al.[38] |
Korea |
0.9% |
11.1 |
9-13 |
M > F |
535 |
2004 |
Young’s Internet Addiction Test |
| Niemz et al. [39] |
UK |
18% |
21.5 |
Not addressed |
M > F |
371 |
2005 |
Pathological Internet Use Scale (online) |
| Kim et al. [40] |
Korea |
1.6% |
Not addressed |
15-16 |
F = M |
1573 |
2006 |
Young’s Internet Addiction Test |
| Aboujaoude et al.[41] |
USA |
0.3%-0.7% |
48.5 |
18+ |
Not addressed |
2513 |
2006 |
Criteria based on DSM-IV disorders (telephone) |
| Pallanti et al. [42] |
Italy |
5.4% |
16.67 |
14-18 |
M = F |
275 |
2006 |
Young’s Internet Addiction Test |
| Jang et al. [43] |
Korea |
3.7%-5.1% |
13.9 |
Not addressed |
M > F |
851 |
2008 |
Young’s Internet Addiction Test |
| Ghassemzadeh et al.[44] |
Iran |
3.8% |
Not addressed |
14-16 |
Not addressed |
977 |
2008 |
Young’s Internet Addiction Test |
| Lam, et al. [45] |
China |
0.6%-10.2% |
Not addressed |
13-18 |
M > F |
1618 |
2009 |
Young’s Internet Addiction Test |
| Ghamari et al. [46] |
Iran |
10.8 |
21.1* |
19-23* |
M > F |
426 |
2011 |
Young’s Internet Addiction Test |
| Durkee, et al. [47] |
Europe and Israel |
4.4% |
14.9 |
13-17 |
M > F |
11,956 |
2012 |
Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire |
| Poli and Agrimi [48] |
Italy |
5.8% |
16.4 |
14-21 |
M > F |
2533 |
2012 |
Young’s Internet Addiction Test |
| Shek and Yu [49] |
China |
26.7% |
13.64 |
10-17 |
M = F |
3580 |
2012 |
Young’s 10-Item Internet Addiction Test |
