Lipohypertrophy Lipoatrophy Lipodystrophy
Model 1* Model 1† Model 1*
Gender      
Male 1.00 1.00 1.00
Female 1.09 (0.85–1.40) 0.97 (0.79–1.21) 0.92 (0.80–1.06)
P value 0.5 0.8 0.3
Age (years) 1.00 (0.99–1.01) 0.99 (0.98–0.99) 1.00 (0.99–1.00 )
P value 0.8 0.035 0.2
Skin color      
Caucasian 1.00 1.00 1.00
Non-Caucasian 1.31 (1.02–1.68) 1.09 (0.88–1.35) 1.12 (0.97–1.29)
P value 0.03 0.4 0.13
Education (years) 1.02 (0.99–1.05) 0.95 (0.93–0.98) 0.99 (0.97–1.01)
P value 0.18 0.001 0.19
  Model 2* Model 2†† Model 2†
Smoking (pack-years)      
0 1.00 1.00 1.00
1-19 0.86 (0.67–1.17) 1.16 (0.89–1.52) 1.27 (1.07–1.52)
≥20 0.99 (0.71–1.39) 1.75 (1.31–2.35) 1.06 (0.89–1.26)
P value 0.6 <0.001 0.016
Physical activity (min/week)      
 ≥150 1.00 1.00 1.00
<150 1.06 (0.83–1.36) 0.80 (0.64–1.00) 0.94 (0.81–1.08)
P value 0.6 0.046 0.4
  Model 3** Model 3††† Model 3†
Body mass index (kg/m2) 1.09 (1.07–1.11) 0.94 (0.91 – 0.97) 1.00 (0.99 – 1.02)
P value <0.001 < 0.001 0.6
CD4 (cells/mm3)      
≥350 1.00 1.00 1.00
200-349 0.71 (0.49–1.03) 0.85 (0.63–1.16) 0.90 (0.74–1.09)
<200 0.58 (0.30–1.11) 1.16 (0.85–1.59) 0.98 (0.77–1.26)
P value 0.07 0.3 0.5
Viral load (copies/mL)      
<50 1.00 1.00 1.00
≥50 0.98 (0.57–1.70) 0.88 (0.54–1.42) 1.16 (0.77–1.73)
P value 1.0 0.6 0.5
Time since diagnosis of HIV infection (years)      
<3 1.00 1.00 1.00
3-5 1.12 (0.87–1.45) 0.86 (0.65–1.15) 1.06 (0.90–1.26)
≥6 1.25 (0.88–1.77) 0.96 (0.72–1.29) 1.11 (0.92–1.34)
P value 0.4 0.6 0.5
*Adjusted for skin color and education
**Adjusted for skin color, education, BMI, and CD4
† Adjusted for age and education
††Adjusted for age and education, physical activity, and smoking
†††Adjusted for age and education, physical activity, smoking, and BMI
†Adjusted for skin color, education, and smoking
Table 4: Risk factors for lipodystrophy in HIV– infected patients ART naive (risk ratio and 95%CI).
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