Variable (1)
Control (n=14)
(2)
HIV-infected OLD-negative HAART-naive (n=13)
(3)
HIV-infected OLD-negative HAART-treated (n=23)
p-value post-hoc p-value Difference 95% CI
Viral load assays, n (%) N/A 5(39%) 23(100%) <0.0011      
Detectable viral loada, n(%) N/A 5(100%) 14(61%) 0.141      
Viral load [x103 RNA copies/mL], geometric mean (95% CI, range) N/A 13.65(0.43 to 436.13, 0.84-935) 0.53(0.11 to 2.47, 0-625) 0.0472   0.04 (0.002 to 0.95)
               
Exhaled breath H2O2 [µmol/L], geometric mean (95% CI, range) 0.21 (0.15 to 0.31, 0.05-0.63) 0.77 (0.54 to 1.10, 0.42-2.20) 0.81 (0.66 to 1.00, 0.30-1.80) <0.0013 <0.0014 1 vs. 2 <0.0014 1 vs. 3 1.004 2 vs. 3 3.64
3.83
(2.18 to 6.07) (2.44 to 6.01)
Resting CL [mV/104 cells], geometric mean (95% CI, range) 0.59 (0.50 to 0.70, 0.28-0.84) 0.79 (0.66 to 0.94, 0.47-1.22) 0.87 (0.73 to 1.04, 0.43-2.14) 0.0043 0.0704 1 vs. 2 0.0044 1 vs. 3 1.004 2 vs. 3 1.51 (1.14 to 2.01)
fMLP-induced peak CL [mV/104 cells], geometric mean (95% CI, range) 0.92 (0.74 to 1.13, 0.42-2.24) 1.61 (1.29 to 2.02, 0.90-2.97) 1.42 (1.19 to 1.70, 0.62-2.87) <0.0013 0.0014 1 vs. 2 0.0054 1 vs. 3 1.004 2 vs. 3 1.76
1.55
(1.23 to 2.52) (1.13 to 2.13)
Adjusted variables for significant difference on PMNs count:
Exhaled breath H2O2 [µmol/L] geometric mean (95% CI) N/A N/A N/A N/A5      
Resting CL [mV/104 cells], geometric mean (95% CI) 0.75(0.68 to 0.83) 0.73(0.67 to 0.80) 0.77(0.72 to 0.83) 0.636      
fMLP-induced peak CL [mV/104 cells], geometric mean (95% CI) 1.13(0.95 to 1.35) 1.52(1.28 to 1.79) 1.30(1.14 to 1.47) 0.0786      
p-values: 1Fisher’s exact test; 2unpaired Student’s t-test (equal variances); 3one-way ANOVA; 4post hoc ANOVA test with Bonferroni adjustment; 5one-way ANCOVA (assumptions not met); 6one-way ANCOVA (assumptions met).
CL, whole blood chemiluminescence; fMLP, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine; HAART, highly active anti-retroviral therapy; N/A, not applicable; PMNs, polymorphonuclear
leukocytes.
Table 3: Comparison of viral load, exhaled H2O2 and whole blood chemiluminescence between healthy controls vs. HIV-infected patients without clinical signs and symptoms of opportunistic lung disease (OLD-negative) and either HAART-naive or HAART-treated.
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