| Characteristics |
Carotid ultrasound normal N=93 |
Carotid ultrasound abnormal N=82 |
p-value |
| N |
(%) |
N |
(%) |
| Age at the carotid ultrasound date (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤45 |
38 |
(75) |
13 |
(25) |
<0.001 |
| 46-55 |
36 |
(51) |
34 |
(49) |
|
| ≥56 |
19 |
(35) |
35 |
(65) |
|
| Age at the carotid ultrasound date (years) |
47 |
(42-53) |
54 |
(49-59) |
<0.001 |
| Age at antiretroviral therapy initiation date |
43 |
(36-47) |
47 |
(40-52) |
0.005 |
| Adherence in the first year of antiretroviral therapy |
|
|
|
|
|
| <95% |
9 |
(31) |
20 |
(69) |
0.007 |
| ≥95% |
81 |
(59) |
57 |
(41) |
|
| Year of first antiretroviral therapy |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1996-1999 |
21 |
(36) |
37 |
(64) |
0.005 |
| 2000-2005 |
36 |
(65) |
19 |
(35) |
|
| After 2006 |
36 |
(58) |
26 |
(42) |
|
| History of injection drug use |
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
82 |
(57) |
63 |
(43) |
0.046 |
| Yes |
5 |
(26) |
14 |
(74) |
|
| Unknown |
6 |
(55) |
5 |
(45) |
|
| First antiretroviral therapy regimen |
|
|
|
|
|
| NNRTI |
23 |
(55) |
19 |
(45) |
0.005 |
| PI Single |
11 |
(39) |
17 |
(61) |
|
| Boosted PI |
48 |
(67) |
24 |
(33) |
|
| Other |
11 |
(33) |
22 |
(67) |
|
| Any AIDS defining illnesses prior to ultrasound date |
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
69 |
(53) |
60 |
(47) |
0.878 |
| Yes |
24 |
(52) |
22 |
(48) |
|
| Years on antiretroviral therapy before carotid ultrasound date |
5 |
(2-7) |
7 |
(3-12) |
0.008 |
| Duration (years) of NNRTI exposure prior to ultrasound date |
1.30 |
(0.21-2.94) |
2.27 |
(1.12-5.22) |
0.034 |
| Duration (years) of PI exposure prior to ultrasound date |
3.62 |
(1.96-5.18) |
4.09 |
(1.43-5.73) |
0.582 |
| Nadir CD4 cell count (prior to ultrasound date) (cells/mm3) |
140 |
(40-250) |
140 |
(50-190) |
0.795 |
| CD4 value nearest to time of ultrasound (cells/mm3) |
500 |
(410-620) |
480 |
(380-600) |
0.268 |
| Peak plasma viral load (prior to ultrasound date) (copies/mL) |
100010 |
(73900-100010) |
100010 |
(76378-100010) |
0.987 |
| Plasma viral load nearest to time of ultrasound (copies/mL) |
499 |
(499-499) |
499 |
(499-499) |
0.337 |
Note: For continuous variables, we presented the median and the 25