| Characteristics |
Coefficients
( β values) |
Standard error (SE) |
Odds Ratio
(OR) |
95% Confidence Interval (CI) |
| Lower limit |
Upper limit |
Sex
Female (RC)
Male |
0.566* |
0.336 |
1.761 |
0.912 |
3.400 |
Age groups
56+ (RC)
≤40
41-55 |
0.958*
1.501* |
0.496
0.246 |
2.608
1.663 |
0.987
1.028 |
6.889
2.690 |
Education
No Education (RC)
Primary & Secondary
College & Higher |
-0.092
0.756* |
0.316
0.422 |
0.912
2.128 |
0491
0.930 |
1.696
4.869 |
Work Status/physical activity level
Extremely inactive(RC)
Lightly active
Moderately active
Vigorously active |
0.822*
1.523*
1.569* |
0.446
0.469
0.837 |
2.275
4.589
4.803 |
0.947
1.829
0.931 |
5.462
11.518
24.787 |
Economic hardship
No (RC)
Yes |
-0.477 |
0.310 |
0.621 |
0.338 |
1.140 |
Physical Exercise Regularly
No (RC)
Yes |
0.396* |
0.327 |
1.486 |
0.783 |
2.818 |
Took Medicine Regularly
No (RC)
Yes |
0.354 |
0.274 |
1.425 |
0.833 |
2.438 |
Side Effect of Medicine
No (RC)
Yes |
-1.276* |
0.493 |
0.279 |
0.106 |
0.733 |
Forget to take Medicine
No (RC)
Yes |
-0.350* |
0.268 |
0.705 |
0.417 |
1.192 |
Kidney Diseases
No (RC)
Yes |
-0.581* |
0.267 |
0.559 |
0.332 |
0.994 |
Occupational Stress
No (RC)
Yes |
-0.642* |
0.307 |
0.526 |
0.288 |
0.961 |
Mental Stress
No (RC)
Yes |
-0.567* |
0.257 |
0.567 |
0.343 |
0.938 |
Salt Intake
No (RC)
Yes |
-0.233 |
0.253 |
0.792 |
0.483 |
1.300 |
Smoking
At Present (RC)
Past
Never |
0.394
0.117 |
0.436
0.371 |
1.483
1.124 |
0.631
0.544 |
3.484
2.324 |
Note: OR=odds ratio, *p<0.005 or better, and RC= Reference category