CRUDE ADJUSTED**   Hazard Ratio 95% CI* p-value Hazard Ratio 95% CI* p-value RACE (reference = ‘White’) Black 0.83 0.69 0.99 0.043 0.81 0.67 0.99 0.045 Other 0.81 0.66 1.01 0.063 0.83 0.69 0.99 0.048 SEX (baseline = ‘Male’) Female 0.78 0.69 0.89 <0.001 0.78 0.69 0.88 <0.001 Year of diagnosis   0.98 0.97 0.99 0.01 0.97 0.96 0.99 <0.001 Radiation therapy (reference = ‘radiation done’) Not done 1.31 1.14 1.50 <0.001 1.33 1.16 1.54 <0.001 Refused 1.37 1.14 1.65 0.001 1.43 1.17 1.76 <0.001 Less than High School Education (reference = “1st quartile”) 2nd quartile 0.99 0.84 1.16 0.89 0.99 0.85 1.15 0.89 3rd quartile 1.21 1.06 1.39 0.004 1.18 1.03 1.34 0.013 4th quartile 1.50 1.02 2.20 0.037 1.43 0.99 2.05 0.057 Both models were clustered by counties *95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval

Table 3: Effect of Various Factors on All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Early Stage Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer Who Refused the Recommended Surgical Resection (1988-2002).

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