P-value non-PVC P-value residuals P-value GMM MCI vs. normal AD vs. MCI AD vs. normal
banks sts* <.0001 0.6258 0.0013 <, =, = =, =, = <, =, <
caudal anterior cingulate 0.6019 0.3254 0.4238 =, =, = =, =, = =, =, =
caudal middle frontal 0.7342 0.3182 0.0526 =, =, = =, =, = =, =, =
cuneus <.0001 0.3951 0.2502 <, =, = =, =, = <, =, =
entorhinal 0.0007 0.0652 <.0001 =, =, < =, =, = <, <, <
frontal pole <.0001 0.1217 0.2844 <, =, = <, =, = <, =, =
fusiform <.0001 0.1756 0.0276 <, =, < <, =, = <, =, =
inferior parietal <.0001 0.0677 0.0006 <, =, < <, =, = <, <, <
inferior temporal 0.0393 0.0074 <.0001 =, =, < =, <, = <, <, <
insula 0.0068 0.7174 0.2448 =, =, = =, =, = <, =, =
isthmus of the cingulate 0.0879 0.0688 <.0001 =, =, < =, =, = =, <, <
lateral occipital 0.1385 0.0516 0.287 =, =, = =, =, = =, =, =
lateral orbitofrontal 0.0066 0.3856 0.1115 =, =, =, =, =, = <, =, =
lingual 0.0012 0.1966 0.2779 =, =, =, =, =, = <, =, =
medial orbitofrontal <.0001 0.8302 0.1115 =, =, =, <, =, = <, =, =
middle temporal 0.0009 0.2141 <.0001 =, =, < <, =, = <, =, <
paracentral 0.0001 0.0175 0.016 =, >, = <, =, > <, >, >
parahippocampal gyrus 0.0296 0.0078 0.0045 =, =, < =, =, = <, <, <
pars opercularis 0.0025 0.3434 0.167 =, =, = <, =, = <, =, =
pars orbitalis 0.0016 0.3855 0.253 =, =, = <, =, = <, =, =
pars triangularis <.0001 0.5239 0.2787 <, =, = <, =, = <, =, =
pericalcarine 0.8233 0.1407 0.1275 =, =, = =, =, = =, =, =
postcentral gyrus <.0001 0.0399 0.0004 <, =, = <, =, > <, =, >
posterior cingulate 0.1326 0.1107 0.0563 =, =, = =, =, = =, =, <
precentral gyrus 0.007 0.6059 0.0054 =, =, = =, =, > <, =, =
precuneus 0.0345 0.0809 0.0081 =, =, < =, =, = <, =, <
rostral anterior cingulate <.0001 0.3125 0.2364 =, =, = <, =, = <, =, =
rostral middle frontal <.0001 0.2882 0.1706 =, =, = <, =, = <, =, =
superior frontal 0.0014 0.5823 0.0581 =, =, = <, =, = <, =, =
superior parietal <.0001 0.7744 0.1286 <, =, = <, =, = <, =, =
superior temporal 0.0435 0.3626 0.0282 =, =, < =, =, = >, =, =
supramarginal <.0001 0.2503 0.1262 <, =, = <, =, = <, =, =
temporal pole 0.3721 0.0026 0.0097 =, >, < =, =, = =, =, =
transverse temporal <.0001 0.244 0.4129 <, =, = <, =, = <, =, =
amygdala 0.4738 <.0001 0.0035 =, <, < =, <, = =, <, <
caudate 0.5027 0.4419 0.0717 =, =, = =, =, = =, =, =
hippocampus 0.0015 0.162 0.0024 =, =, < <, =, = <, =, <
pallidum 0.0147 0.7449 0.0305 =, =, = =, =, = <, =, >
putamen 0.1322 0.8875 0.0022 =, =, < =, =, = =, =, =
thalamus 0.0403 0.0011 0.1898 =, =, = =, =, = <, <, =
*sts = superior temporal sulcus The first three columns show p-values from ANOVAs comparing uptake in normal aging, MCI, and AD before partial volume correction (PVC) and after PVC using residuals and gray matter mask (GMM)methods. The MCI vs. normal, AD, vs. MCI, and AD vs. normal columns show the specific relationships between groups, whereby '<' indicates a decrease in MCI compared to normal in the first column, AD < MCI, and AD < normal in the three columns, respectively (p > 0.05). Similarly, '>' indicates a significant increase in one group compared to the other, i.e. MCI > normal, AD > MCI, and AD > normal. '=' indicates no significant change in uptake between groups.
Table 2: ANOVA results for FDG uptake changes between normal aging, MCI, and AD subject groups for non-PVC, PVC via cortical thickness + subcortical volume residuals, and PVC via GMM methods.
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