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| Figure 2: Insulin resistance biomarkers in brain. Frontal lobe aqueous homogenates from subjects with Braak Stage (B) 0-1 (controls), B3-4 (moderate AD), or B6 (late AD) pathology (N=8/group) were used to measure (A) insulin, (B) leptin, (C) ghrelin (D) GLP-1, (E) GIP-1, (F) PP, and (G) PYY by multiplex bead-based ELISA. Immunoreactivity is expressed in fluorescence light units (FLU) normalized to protein content. Data were analyzed by oneway repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Fisher significance tests. |
