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Figure 3: CSF indices of insulin resistance. Lumbar puncture CSF from controls (N=12) and patients with early probable AD (N=16) were used to measure (A) insulin, (B) leptin, (C) ghrelin (D) GLP-1, (E) GIP-1, (F) PP, and (G) PYY by multiplex bead-based ELISA. Immunoreactivity is expressed in fluorescence light units (FLU) normalized to protein content. Data were analyzed with Student T tests. |