Figure 2: A. Toluidine blue 1μm thick section of a control duodenum in a 5 y old dog from Tlaxcala, a low-pollution city. The brush border is intact and there is an epithelium with unremarkable enterocytes and goblet cells. The lamina propria has unremarkable blood vessels (rectangular frame) and lacks inflammatory cells or degranulated mast cells. Toluidine blue x 40 B. MCMA 5.4 year old dog showed focal regions of the duodenal epithelium with a mild variation in the nuclear size of enterocytes and breakdown of the epithelial continuity (upper right arrow). There is significant submucosal tissue rarefaction (*).The lamina propria has thickened wall vessels (rectangular frame). Arteriolar blood vessels with thickened walls (long arrow) surrounded by abnormal stroma (arrow head) and monuclear cells are observed. Toluidine blue 1μm thick section x 40 C. Duodenal epithelium from a 4y old MCMA clinically healthy dog shows a columnar epithelium with goblet cells alternating with enterocytes. The brush border is not visible. Focal regions of the epithelium exhibit breakdown of the epithelial continuity (long arrows). There is significant submucosal tissue rarefaction (*).The lamina propia shows blood vessels with abnormal thickened walls (short arrows). Toluidine blue 1μm thick section x40.

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