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Figure 2: Adenosine mediates escape deficits in the learned helplessness paradigm by activating A2A receptors in the core (left panel) and shell (right panel) of the nucleus accumbens. Rats were exposed to inescapable shock (S) or apparatus restraint (R) 24 hours before shuttle-escape testing. Rats in each pretreatment condition received micro infusion of the A2A receptor antagonist CSC (S-CSC & R-CSC) or vehicle (S-Veh & R-Veh) 15 minutes before escape testing (Plumb et al., in press). |