Common name Scientific Name Melatonin Detection method Reference Herbs         St. Johns Wort (flower) Hypericum perforatum 4,390 ng/g dry wt HPLC, RIA [134] Fever few(fresh green leaf) Tanacetum parthenium 2,450 ng/g dry wt     Chinese skullcap Huang-qin Scutellaria Blacalensis 7,110 ng/g dry wt     Chantui Periostracum cicadae 3,771 ng/g dry wt SPE followed by HPLC-FD [79] Shiya tea-leaf Babreum coscluea 2,120 ng/g dry wt     White mulberry (Leaf) Morus alba L 1,510 ng/g dry wt     Chinese rhubarb Rheumpalmatum L. 1,078 ng/g dry wt     Indian gooseberry Phyllanthus emblica 9.4 ng/g wet wt. Ethanol extraction/HPLC [81] Siamese rough bush, khoi Streblus asper 8.2 ng/g wet wt     Black pepper (leaves) Piper nigrum 1,093 ng/g dry wt ELISA, SPE followed by HPLC [80] Seeds         White mustard Brassica hirta 189 ng/g dry wt RIA, HPLC [82] Oat Avena sativa 1.8 ng/g wet wt RIA [83] Sweet corn Zea mays 1.37 ng/g wet wt     Rice Oryza sativa 1.0 ng/g wet wt     Barley HordeumVulagare 0.4 pg/g wet wt     Vegetables and Fruits         Cabbage Brassica Oleracea 112.5 pg/g wet wt RIA [83] Onion Allium cepa 31.5 pg/g wet wt     Cucumber Cucumis Sativus 24.6 pg/g wet wt     Asparagus Asparagus officinalis 9.5 pg/g wet wt     Indian spinach Basella alba 38.7 pg/g wet wt     Carrot Paucus Carota 55.4 pg/g wet wt     Ginger Zingiber officinale 583.7 pg/g wet wt     Montmorency tart Cherry Prunus Cerasus 13.5 ng/g HPLC-EC [91] Sweet cherry Cultivars Prunus Avium 0 - 22.4 ng/100g fresh Fruit LC-MS- ESI [93] Tomato Lycopersico n esculentum 4.1 ng/g to 50 ng/g fresh wt LC-MS [88] Strawberry Fragaria ananassa 1.4–11.3 ng/g fresh wt   [88] Fig Ficus carica 4.0 ng/g (wet fruit); 12.9 ng/g (dry leaves) ELISA [92] Food Products         Coffee Coffea canphora and Coffea arabica 5.8 to 8.8 (green) and 8.0 to 9.6 μg/g (roasted) dry wt. HPLC and LC/ESI-MS [94] Wines Vitis vinifea 25 to 428 ng/g HPLC and ELISA [95, 96] Pomegranate wine Punica granatum 5.50 ng/mL   [99] Virgin Spanish olive oil Olea europaea 650 and 119 pg/mL ELISA and immunoprecipitation [135] Beer   51.8 to 169.7 pg/mL   [100] Abbreviations: ELISA = enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay; RIA = radioimmunoassay; HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography; SPE = solid phase extraction; LC-MS-ESI = liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, lectrospray Ionization mass spectrometry

Table 2: Food sources and their melatonin content.

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