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| Figure 1: Schematic illustration depicting flow of electrons in ETC during ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation and ROS production by complex I and III. Generated ROS is counteracted by antioxidant defense system comprising enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) etc. Presence of uncoupling proteins (UCP) help in reducing the ROS generation efficacy of mitochondria by leaking H+ inside the mitochondrial matrix. |
