| No |
Public Agricultural Marketing Institutions |
Direct Marketing Models with Forward Linkages |
| 1. |
Rythu Bazaar in Andhra Pradesh |
-First started in Andhra Pradesh in the direction of empowering the farmers to participate effectively in the open market to get a remunerative price for their produce.
-To avoid the exploitation of both the farmers and the consumers by the middlemen by creating a positive atmosphere of direct interface between them.
-direct market model with forward linkages
-linking farmers to rythu bazaars |
| 2 |
Apni Mandi |
- First started in Punjab in the direction of ensuring direct contact of the producer-farmers and consumers and thereby enhancing the distributional efficiency of the marketing system. This system does away with the middlemen.
-The price spread is considerable low. These are working satisfactorily in the case of fruits and vegetables.
-These ‘Apni Mandis’ are similar to the Saturday markets of United Kingdom and United States of America.
- direct market model with forward linkages
-linking farmers to rythu bazaars |
| 3 |
Farmers markets |
-Farmers markets initiated in Tamil Nadu in Nov, 1999 to eliminate middlemen and traders from the marketing of vegetables in the farmers markets, and to establish direct contacts between farmers and consumers.
- direct market model with forward linkages.
-linking farmers to rythu bazaars. |
| 4 |
Hardaspar Vegetable Market |
-Hadaspar vegetable market is a model market for direct marketing of vegetables in Pune city.
-This is one of the ideal markets in the country for marketing of vegetables.
-The market has modern weighing machines.
-Linking farmers to vegetable markets.
|
| 5 |
Shetkari Bazar |
-Shetkari bazaars were established in the Maharashtra state for marketing of fruits and vegetables.
-
It will eliminate middlemen, links producers and consumers directly, reduce price spread, and enhance producer share’s in consumer rupee.
-
Thus these markets increase the farm income, wellbeing of the farmers and bring stability in prices of horticultural crops.
-
direct market model with forward linkages
-linking farmers to rythu bazaars.
|
| 6 |
KrushakBazars |
-Established in the state of Orissa in 2000-01.
-The purpose is to empower farmer-producer to compete effectively in the open market to get a remunerative price and ensure products at affordable prices to the consumer.
-direct market model with forward linkages.
-linking farmers to rythu bazaars.
|
| 7 |
Mother Dairy Booths |
-Mother dairy, basically handling milk in Delhi. But it was asked to handle retail vegetable marketing.
-Mother dairy management has opened retail outlets in the city for providing vegetables to the consumers at reasonable prices.
|
| 8 |
Cooperative Marketing Society |
-The need for cooperative marketing arose due to many defects in the private and open marketing system.
-A cooperative marketing society can eliminate some or all of the intermediaries.
-This will make commodities cheaper and ensure good. quality
-Few successful cooperative marketing societies for fruits and vegetables. eg. Maha-grape- cooperative federation marketing, Maharashtra, Cooperative marketing. pomegranate, Co-operatives marketing banana in Jalgaon district, Vegetables co-operatives in Thane District, Milk co-operatives in Maharashtra, HOPCOMS, Bangalore and Gujarat and Co-operative cotton marketing society.
-Direct marketing with forward linkages.
|
| 9 |
Contract Farming/Contract Marketing |
-Essentially is an agreement between farmer-producers and the agribusiness firms to produce certain pre-agreed quantity and quality of the produce a particular price and time.
-This is an important initiative for reducing transaction costs by establishing farmer-processer linkages.
-Successful contract farming includes Organic dyes- Marigold farmers and extraction units in Coimbatore, Pepsi Company and farmers of Punjab and Rajasthan for tomato growing.
-Direct marketing with forward linkages.
|
| 10 |
Safal market |
-NDDB started a fruits and vegetable unit of SAFAL at Delhi was one of the first fruit and vegetable retail chain.
-NDDB has set up an alternate system of whole sale markets in Bangalore as a pilot project.
-This market is a move to introduce a transparent and efficient platform for sale and purchase fruits and vegetables by connecting growers through Grower’s associations.
|
| 11 |
Forward and Future Markets |
-Forward and Futures markets have been identified as important tools of price stabilization and risk management.
- Extension of forward and futures markets to all major agro commodities has, therefore, assumed great importance.
-Commodity futures markets in the country are regulated through Forward Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1952.
-Direct marketing with forward linkages. |
| 12 |
Commodity Exchanges |
Commodity exchanges for futures trading narrows the marketing, storage and processing margins, there by benefiting both growers and consumers.
NAFED started National Multi-Commodity Exchange of India Ltd. on 26th November, 2002, for cash crops, food grains, plantations, spices, oilseeds, metals and bullion among others.
National Commodity and Derivate Exchange of India Ltd. was established in Dec, 2003 at Mumbai with a similar purpose. |
| 13 |
E-trading |
- Trading based on buying and selling of electronic warehouse receipts and providing the latest price information
- The services can be accessed by internet, telephone (by interactive response), from mandi administration as well. |
| 14 |
Food retail super markets |
-Food retail markets in India during 1990s and early 2000 opened up the availability of food products dramatically. They key functions are
• Higher standards
• Lower prices
Direct marketing model
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