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.com
Volume 8
Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology
EnviTox Summit 2018
September 17-18, 2018
September 17-18, 2018 Singapore
18
th
Global Summit on
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
Soledad Chamorro et al., J Environ Anal Toxicol 2018, Volume 8
DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525-C2-015
Toxicity response of aquatic bio-indicators exposed to water polluted with glyphosate
Soledad Chamorro
1
, Cristina A Villamar
2
, Luis Huaraca
3
, Víctor Hernández
4
, Jeannette Silva
4
and Enrique Bay Schmith
4
1
Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile
2
Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
3
Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ecuador
4
Universidad de Concepción, Chile
H
erbicides based on glyphosate (C
3
H
8
NO
5
P / CAS 1071-83-6) have been used (actually close to 150 million kg/year) since
1974 on crop soils to eliminate invasive plant species. Sources water can be reached by this herbicide through runoff, leaching
and direct exposure of the water receiving body by aerial application. On aquatic environmental, the glyphosate has been found
at concentrations up to 4.0 µg/L. Despite the glyphosate has been designed to be lethal in plants (inhibition of the shikimato
pathway), the presence of surfactants from commercial formulations and metabolites formation (e.g. Aminomethylphosphonic
Acid or AMPA) by biodegradation could change its toxicity on organisms aquatic. The aim of this work was the eco-toxicological
evaluation of freshwater and marine water polluted with glyphosate on
Daphnia magna, Emerita analoga
and
Tisbe longicornis
.
The methodology used the exposition the aquatic organisms to GLIFOPAC (480 g/L of active ingredient) at concentrations
between 0.5 and 4.8 g/L of active ingredient. The acute toxicity of
D. magna
(48 hours -LC
50
).
E. analoga
(48 hours -LC
50
) and
T. longicornis
(96 hours -LC
50
) were studied. Moreover, chromatographic analysis of freshwater and marine water polluted with
glyphosate was evaluated. Results demonstrated that acute toxicity reported values for
D. magna
,
E. analoga
and
T. longicornis
of 27.4, 806.4 and 19.4 mg/L, respectively. Chromatographic analysis described around 45 substances of the GLIFOPAC
composition such as structures from the surfactants (aliphatics chain with ester/ether group), metabolites (AMPA) and other
substances (glucofuranose, glucopyranoside, galactopyranose). Preliminary assessments showed differences in the glyphosate
composition within the freshwater and marine water, which may influence the toxicity in each aquatic environment.
Recent Publications
1. Villamar C A, Silva J, Bay Schmith E and Vidal G (2014) Toxicity evaluation identification of anaerobically treated swine
slurry: A comparison between
Daphnia magna
and
Raphanus sativus
.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health: Part:
B
; 49(11): 880-888.
2. 2Villamar C A, Cañuta T, Belmonte M and Vidal G (2012) Characterization of swine wastewater by toxicity identification
evaluation methodology (TIE).
Water Air and Soil Pollution
; 223(1): 363-369.
References
1. Xavier C R, López D, Chamorro S, Scholze A and Vidal G (2017) Sensitivity study comparing Daphnia obtusa (Kurz
1874) and
Daphnia magna
(Straus 1820) exposure to treated kraft mil effluents, diethylstilbestrol and androstenodione.
BioResources
; 12(3): 6558-6567.
2. Chamorro S, Vergara J P, Jarpa M, Hernández V, Becerra J and Vidal G (2016) Removal of stigmasterol from Kraft mill
effluent by aerobic biological treatment with steroidal metabolite detection.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health
part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering
; 51(12): 1012-1017.
Biography
Soledad Chamorro has her expertise in Toxicology Evaluation (lethal, sublethal, chronic and metabolic) trough bio-indicators and biomarkers as algae,
microcrustacean and fish.
schamorro@santotomas.cl