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conferenceseries.com
Volume 6, Issue 9 (Suppl) Dentistry 2016
ISSN: 2161-1122 Dentistry, an open access journal Euro Dental Congress 2016
October 24-26, 2016
October 24-26, 2016 Rome, Italy
15th Euro Congress on
Dental & Oral Health
Dentistry 2016, 6:9 (Suppl)
Tobacco smoking and chewing: Oral cancer
Alper Yalmaz and Monika Balkandzhieva
Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
It is now accepted that there is an etiological relationship between the smoking of tobacco and oral carcinoma regardless of the type
of tobacco and method of consumption. Pipe and cigar smoking have been linked with carcinoma of the lip for many years, and
the evidence linking cigarette smoking with intraoral carcinoma is now firmly established. Studies have particularly incriminated
heavy cigarette smoker and have shown that those smoking 40 to mote cigarettes per day have a significantly increased risk of oral
cancer, ranging from about 10 to 20 times that of non-smokers in different series. The type of tobacco, curing methods, and methods
of smoking may also influence the relative risk of oral cancer. For example, the high incidence of oral cancer in India is likely to be
due, in part, to widespread smoking of bidis and the habit of reverse smoking, a habit that is particularly common in women. Reverse
smoking is also practised in various other countries, for example Colombia, and is associated particularly with cancer of the palate,
one of the rarest sites for oral cancer in other groups. It has been reported that the relative risk of oral cancer for reverse smokers is
over 40 times that of non-smokers.
Smokeless tobacco: Snuff is a finely ground or powdered tobacco which may be inhaled dry or used moist in snuff-dripping by
placing a pinch of snuff between the gum and the cheek or upper lip. Report from South-Eastern USA, where snuff-dripping is
prevalent, and from Sweden indicate that the habit is associated with a significantly increased risk for carcinoma of the gingiva and
buccal mucosa. Tobacco chewing was relatively common in the United Kingdom in the early part of 20th century, particularly in
occupations such as mining where smoking was environmentally dangerous because of the possibility of explosion.
Management of complex cases in endodontics: Diagnosis, treatment, prognosis
Gianluca Plotino
Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Endodontic specialists usually treat complex cases consisting of challenging difficult teeth along with challenging patient
management, which need advanced materials and techniques. Given the skills, time, equipment and the technical and anatomical
knowledge, endodontic specialists are expected to solve these cases doing all efforts possible to make teeth again available for
their functional oral status, having a long term prognosis. Through the use of the three-dimensional diagnostic tools, microscope,
ultrasonics, repair materials and all the technical advancements available today, the outcome of these "Hopeless" cases has drastically
increased in last decade. This lecture aims to present an explicative case series representative of several complex clinical situations
solved using the ideal approach and to describe techniques and clinical tips to treat such cases. Topics will include re-treatment;
removal of crowns/bridges, fiber andmetal posts, separated instruments, soft and carrier-based fillingmaterials; MTA; management of
open apices, resorption and perforations; locating, shaping, cleaning and filling of difficult or missed canal anatomy, such as calcified,
ledged, blocked and severely curved canals; advanced irrigation techniques to better clean complex canal anatomy; endodontic
surgery; trauma and fractures; minimal invasive endodontic treatment and restoration. Microscope-assisted dentistry and advanced
diagnostic techniques, such as CBCT, will be analyzed and discussed for both orthograde and surgical cases. The importance of the
use of magnification including loupes, special lights and microscope to solve these complex situations will be underlined and their
proper use even by general practitioners who want to avoid iatrogenic errors and improve their practice will be described.