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Volume 9
J Clin Exp Ophthalmol, an open access journal
ISSN: 2155-9570
Ophthalmology Summit 2018
February 26-27, 2018
February 26-27, 2018 | Berlin, Germany
19
th
Global Ophthalmology Summit
Rosacea Acne
Lagogianni Eirini
University of Camerino, Greece
What is rosacea acne?:
Rosacea acne (rosacea) is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects mainly the central
face (cheeks, nose, forehead, chin). The disease is manifested by erythema, inflammatory papules, pustules and spider veins.
It affects 3 to 5 year olds of both sexes, with little preference for women and people with light skin. Rarely, skin lesions extend
to the scalp, and more rarely to the neck and upper body. The incidence of the disease ranges from 0.09% to 10%. Rosaceous
acne is a harmless disease, but it affects patients psychology, creating a feeling of low self-esteem, affecting their quality of life
because facial and nose redness is misleadingly indicative of alcoholism.
Root head acne pathogenesis:
The cause of the pathogenesis of the disease remains unknown and is multifactorial. Endogenous
factors (genetic predisposition, skin vascular disorders, disorder of natural skin immunity), microorganisms (Demodex
folliculorum: a parasite that normally exists in the skin, but rosacea is proliferated), as well as environmental and lifestyle
aggravating factors (heat , sun, alcohol and hot drinks, medicines, spices, spicy foods).
Clinical picture:
Rosacea disease is manifested by a variety of symptoms (flushing) permanent erythema of the face, spider
veins, pustules, inflammatory papules and pustules in the central face, hypertrophy of seborrheic nodules of the nose
(rhinophytus), people with rosary acne of severe form often complain of burning, cracking, edema and dry skin, and may also
have their eyes affected by keratitis, conjunctivitis and blepharitis.
Rosacea acne is classified into 4 subtypes:
1. Erythro-angiotensive rosacea: Patients have central face erythema. Its progression is gradual and when seborrhea and
telangiectasia become permanent. Many times there are pruritus, burning and sensitivity of the skin.
2. Rosemounting rosacea: This type occurs mainly in middle-aged and relatively old-age women. It is characterized by
permanent central erythema facials, papules, blisters and intense seborrhea at various points of the face.
3. Prickly rosacea - Rhinophyma: occurs mainly in males. It is characterized by thickening of the skin, due to hyperplasia
and fibrosis of the sebaceous glands, mainly causing the nose (rhinitis: a strongly swollen and reddish nose with rough
texture) and the parallel appearance of inflammation in the eyes. The forehead (lower back), ears (thigh) or chin
(gnatophy) may also be affected.
4. Ocular rosacea: It may co-exist up to 58% of patients suffering from another subtype, but usually remains undiagnosed.
It is characterized by hyperemia (erythema) and conjunctival and eyelid conjunctivitis, foreign body sensation,
burning, feeling cracked, itching, photosensitivity, blurred vision, erythema around the eyes and eyelids. It is also
possible to coexist hazel and barley. There may also be loss of vision due to corneal ulcers. Ophthalmic rosacea is due
to dysfunction and inflammation of the meibomian glands (differentiated sebaceous glands). The disorder of lipid
build-up of tears leads to thickening of the ocular secretions, decrease in tears and dry eye. There is no correlation of
gravity of the eye with dermal rosacea.
There may be progression from one subtype to another, and more than one subtype may occur at the same time during the
clinical examination.
How to diagnose rosacea?:
The diagnosis of rosacea is performed by a dermatologist and is based on the clinical picture.
There is no specific diagnostic test (test). The histological image is not specific. Usually a biopsy is being investigated to
exclude other diseases involved in differential diagnosis. The direct microscopic search for Demodex mites, and in particular
Demodex folliculorum, which are present in human skin and hyperproliferate during rosacea, helps diagnose and treat the
disease. These mites host bacteria and are likely to play an important pathogenic role in rosacea, especially when they are
present in large quantities and cause imbalance in the immune system. Contamination by Demodex folliculorum usually
remains asymptomatic. Over time, adulthood and constant exposure to sunlight, the skin gradually changes and changes in
Lagogianni Eirini, J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018, Volume 9
DOI: 10.4172/2155-9570-C1-078