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.com
Volume 3, Issue 1 (Suppl)
Toxicol Open Access
ISSN: 2476-2067 TYOA, an open access journal
Toxicology Congress 2017
April 13-15, 2017
April 13-15, 2017 Dubai, UAE
8
th
World Congress on
Toxicology and Pharmacology
Toxicol Open Access 2017, 3:1 (Suppl)
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2476-2067.C1.003Effects of combined treatment with
Tithonia diversifolia
and Chloroquine on Chloroquine-resistant
malaria in mice
Omoboyowa Damilola A
1
, Nwodo O Fred C
2
and
Joshua Parker E
2
1
Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Nigeria
2
University of Nigeria, Nigeria
T
he development of Chloroquine as an antimalarial drug and the subsequent evolution of drug-resistant
Plasmodium
strains
had major imparts on global public health in the 20
th
century.
In vivo
curative anti-plasmodial activity of ethanol extract
and fraction of
T. diversifolia
leaves alone and in combination with Chloroquine were evaluated using albino mice infected
with Chloroquine resistant
P. yoelii
(
P. yoelii
R
) intraperitoneally. Possible effects on the hematological indices and mechanisms
of anti-plasmodial action were monitored using standard protocols. Oral administration of the ethanol extract of
Tithonia
diversifolia
leaves to mice caused no death at doses ranging from 10-5000 mg/kg. The presence of the phytochemical content of
the extract in the order: Reducing sugar>alkaloids>steroids>phenol>terpenoids>tannins>soluble carbohydrate were obtained.
The result of the percentage parasitemia of mice infected with
P. yoelii
R
treated with 5 mg/kg b. w of artemeter, different doses
of crude extract and C70:M30 fraction co-administered with 10 mg/kg b. w of Chloroquine from day 7 to day 28 revealed
significant (p<0.05) reduction compared with infected mice administered 0.2 ml of distilled water. The mice infected with
P.
yoelii
R
treated with 5 mg/kg b. w of artemeter, 200 mg/kg b. w of crude extract and C70:M30 fraction co-administered with
10 mg/kg b. w of Chloroquine showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in hemozoin level compared with the infected mice
administered 0.2 ml of distilled water. The mice infected with
P. yoelii
R
treated with 5 mg/kg b. w of artemeter, crude extract
and C70:M30 fraction showed dose dependent significant (p<0.05) increase in the PCV and RBC compared with the infected
control mice. The plasma calcium ion (Ca
2+
) and free fatty acid concentration revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in the
P.
yoelii
R
infected mice treated with varying doses of the extract in combination with Chloroquine compared with the parasitized
untreated mice. The respective antimalarial drugs and the extract increase the percentage inhibition of phospholipase A
2
. The
effect of the crude extract, active fraction and antimalarial drugs causes inhibition of hypotonicity-induced hemolysis. This
indicates that
T. diversifolia
leaf extract dose-dependently restores the efficacy of Chloroquine against
P. yoelii
R
malaria in mice
due to rapid rate of recovery from plasmodial infections with the co-administration.
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