Oral Health and Dental Management

Abstract

The Microbial Etiology and Pathogenesis of Peri-Implantitis

Liqaa Shallal Farhan

Perimplantitis is a progressive destructive chronic disease affecting hard and soft tissue structure supporting dental implant. Variety of bacteria involve in etiopathogensis of Perimplantitis. It finally leading to loss of dental implant with consequent economic and health complications. Many studies has been put to establish a criteria for assessment and explain the etiology of peri-implantitis. Objectives: To focus on the role of specific anaerobic bacteria in etiology of peri-implantitis. Materials and Method: 382 sample from sub gingival plaque are collected from patients with peri-implantitis come to specialized health center in department of dental implantology in Al-Ramadi city in period (February 2006- 2018). These patients were grouped according to severity of periimplantitis in to 4 groups: Healthy control, Patients with Mild peri-implantitis, Patients with Moderate periodontitis, Patients with Sever peri-implantitis. Radiographical examination are done and level of (mesial and distal) Marginal Bone Loss is measured using caliber in (mm) and recorded and compared with health control cases. The sample from sub gingival plaque were collected in thioglycocllate liquid media and send to laboratory for culture. Bacterial culture method is used for isolation of bacterial strains. Results: In peri-implantitis the causative bacteria is Spirocheates and Gram negative anaerobic bacteria. With T. forsythia is most likely organism causing the disease. The statistical analysis indicate that higher mean value of MBL was in sever peri-implantitis group was (3.7860 ± 0.48605) in comparison with healthy control group. While lowest mean value of mesial and distal MBL was in mild peri-implantitis group was (0.9907 ± 0.31427). While the mean value of MBL in moderate peri-implantitis group was (2.1109 ± 0.31554).The mean difference is significant at 0.05 level (P<0.05). Conclusion: Peri-implantitis is a serious destructive disease leading to loss of ossteointegration. Anerobic bacteria in sub gingival plaque around dental implant in patients with poor oral care in is the main cause of this disease.