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conferenceseries.com
February 20-21, 2017 Berlin, Germany
9th International Congress on
Nutrition & Health
Volume 7 Issue 1 (Suppl) J Nutr Food Sci
ISSN:2155-9600 JNFS, an open access journal Nutrition & Health 2017
February 20-21, 2017 Berlin, Germany
J Nutr Food Sci 2017, 7:1 (Suppl)
Obesity, insulin resistance and gene variation in multi-ethnic Malaysian adults
Mitra S R1, Tan P Y1 and Farahnaz Amini2
1University of Nottingham, Malaysia
2UCSI University, Malaysia
In order to tackle obesity-related non-communicable diseases, we aimed to evaluate and explore interaction between anthropometric
indices, blood biochemical parameters, dietary intake and selected gene polymorphisms in apparently healthy Malaysians of three
ethnic groups. Malaysian adults (Malaysian Malays, Malaysian Chinese and Malaysian Indians) with BMI>23 from communities
living in Selangor are our participants. Our results reveal, mean age (±SD) is 43.0y (±10.1) for women (n=93) and 41.0y (±13.5) for
male (n=20) participants. Average BMI on the combined data is 29.7kg/m2 (±5.1), significantly higher (P=0.01) than 23 kg/m2 which
is the current cut off for categorization as ‘overweight’ for South East Asian individuals. Mean fat mass for females is 33.9 kg (±1.1)
and for the male is 31.3 kg (±17.6). Mean body fat percentage is 42.7% (±5.3) for females (normal range: 18~28) and 34.2% (±7.8)
for the male (normal range: 10~20). Mean waist circumference is 92.1 cm (±12.2) for females (normal: 80) and 106.5 cm (±14.9) for
the male (normal: 90). Indians have significantly lower HDL cholesterol (p=0.001), higher fasting insulin (p=0.002) and HOMA-IR
(p=0.001) (1.3±0.3 mmol/L, 14.3±13.3 uU/ml and 1.8±1.5) compared to Malays (1.7±0.5 mmol/L, 7.0±5.20 uU/ml and 0.9±0.6)
and Chinese (1.6±0.4 mmol/L, 7.9±5.2 uU/ml and 1.0±0.6), respectively. There is ethnicity difference on the effect of FTO gene
variants as below. Indians carrying GG genotype of FTO rs9930501 were compromised when compared to GA and AA genotypes
respectively, with respect to fasting glucose (6.4±2.2 mmol/L against 4.7±0.1mmol/L and 5.0±0.6mmol/L, p=0.016) and HOMA-IR
(2.3±1.6 against 2.0±1.7 and 10±0.5, p=0.018), BMI (34.6±13.1 kg/m2 against 26.7±3.6 kg/m2 and 28.8±4.3 kg/m2, p=0.052) and
body weight (97.6±52.6 kg against 66.6±10.0 kg and 76.6±15.2 kg/m2, p=0.034). Whereas the Chinese carrying GA genotype were
compromised with respect to body weight (72.1±4.3 kg against 109.1 kg), BMI (27.8±10.8 kg/m2 against 37.3 kg/m 2), WC (82.9±1.8
cm against 121.0 cm) and serum leptin level (7.0±1.6 ng/ml against 17.8 ng/ml) when compared to AA genotype. A diet and exercise
intervention is ongoing in the above population.
Dietary guidelines for Indians: Need for its revision and importance in public health
D Raghunatha Rao
National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), India
Dietary guidelines (DGs) play a very important role in guiding the population to adopt healthy life style practices at the individual
level. In India, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) is the nodal agency for promoting these dietary guidelines at the community
level. The first dietary guidelines were formulated in the year 1998 by NIN and translated in to different languages to promote at the
population level. After a decade, a committee was constituted for the revision of these dietary guidelines taking into consideration of
change in the dietary habits of the population, influence of western food chains in Indian market, lack of physical activity among the
people and growing trends in non communicable diseases at the population level. Further, DGs emphasize promotion of community
health and prevention of non communicable and other diseases. Special focus on the importance of nutrition was emphasized for
vulnerable segment of the population such as infants, children and adolescents, pregnant and lactating women and the elderly. The
presentation mainly focuses on the need for the revision of the dietary guidelines and key differences in the new guidelines with
doable and practical solutions under the “points to ponder” mentioned in the revised dietary guidelines. Further, the presentation
also provides insight into different communication strategies to be applied at the community level in order to encourage people to
follow the dietary guidelines.