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conferenceseries.com
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Suppl) J Clin Exp Pathol
ISSN: 2161-0681 JCEP, an open access journal
Pediatric Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 2017
March 15-16, 2017
March 15-16, 2017 London, UK
12th International Conference on
Pediatric Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
J Clin Exp Pathol 2017, 7:1 (Suppl)
Exposure to excess phenobarbital negatively influences the osteogenesis of chick embryos
Yu Yan
Jinan University, China
Phenobarbital is an antiepileptic drug that is widely used to treat epilepsy in a clinical setting. However, a long term of phenobarbital
administration in pregnant women may produce side effects on embryonic skeletogenesis. In this study, we aim to investigate the
mechanism by which phenobarbital treatment induces developmental defects in long bones. We first observed that phenobarbital
treatment decreased chondrogenesis and inhibited the proliferation of chondrocytes in chick embryos. Phenobarbital treatment
also suppressed mineralization in both in vivo and in vitro long bone models. Next, we established that phenobarbital treatment
delayed blood vessel invasion in a cartilage template, and this finding was supported by the down-regulation of vascular endothelial
growth factor in the hypertrophic zone following phenobarbital treatment. Phenobarbital treatment inhibited tube formation and the
migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In addition, it impaired angiogenesis in chick yolk sac membrane model and
chorioallantoic membrane model. In summary, phenobarbital exposure led to shortened lengths of long bones during embryogenesis,
which might result from inhibiting mesenchyme differentiation, chondrocyte proliferation, and delaying mineralization by impairing
vascular invasion.
Efficacy of current antibiotic regimens for neonatal sepsis at a tertiary hospital, January 1, 2000 to
December 31, 2015: Pathogens and susceptibility, demographic profile, clinical manifestations and
outcome, morbidity and mortality rate
Anne Melva V Meliton and Robert Dennis J Garcia
Makati Medical Center, Philippines
Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among both term and preterm infants. With growing antibiotic
resistance, this retrospective, descriptive study determined if the current antibiotic regimens used at a tertiary hospital are
still effective against the pathogens identified in blood culture in cases of neonatal sepsis from January 1, 2000 to December 31,
2015. Demographic profile, stratification to early- and late-onset sepsis, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, complications and
antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated organisms were analyzed. Prematurity and low birth weight was the major risk factors for
developing neonatal sepsis. Respiratory symptoms were the most common clinical manifestations seen. The pathogens were evenly
divided between Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci, but Gram-negative bacilli had higher mortality rate. The current
antibiotic regimen of Cefuroxime and Amikacin for early-onset neonatal sepsis was changed in 57% of cases, indicating that a constant
re-evaluation of any regimen is necessary to determine if an antimicrobial upgrade is necessary. Although, Piperacillin-tazobactam
has been favored for late-onset sepsis in the unit in the last 15 years, more septic neonates ended treatment on a Carbapenem. There
was no growth of ESBL E. coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae in blood isolates in spite of 15 years of current antimicrobial usage practices.
A regimen of Cefuroxime and Amikacin for early-onset sepsis will miss a minority of pathogens while a Carbapenem or Piperacillin-
tazobactam, with or without Amikacin, is still effective for late-onset sepsis. Vancomycin should be considered to be added in late-
onset sepsis, if Staphylococcal disease is suspected.