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conferenceseries.com
June 26-27, 2017 San Diego, USA
13th International conference on
Pathology and Molecular Diagnosis
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Suppl) J Clin Exp Pathol, an open access journal
ISSN:2161-0681
Pathology and Molecular Diagnosis 2017
June 26-27, 2017
J Clin Exp Pathol 2017, 7:2 (Suppl)
DOI: 10.4172/2161-0681-C1-035
The role of diagnostic molecular pathology in the era of targeted therapy
Abeer A Bahnassy
Cairo University, Egypt
In the era of targeted therapy, the assessment and evaluation of solid tumors in pathology is becoming more and more based
on a combination of the histopathology and the molecular analysis of tumor tissues or liquid biopsy. In addition, the choice of
treatment protocols is increasingly based on the molecular features of the tumor as a consequence of the rapid development of
new cancer treatments that specifically target aberrant proteins present in tumor cells. Not only the number of patients eligible
for targeted precision medicine, but also the number of molecular targets per patient and tumor type is rising. Therefore,
diagnostic molecular pathology has attained much attention in the last few years. It is of utmost importance to determine the
relevant molecular aberrations present in tumors for diagnostic, prognostic or predictive purposes. However, this is faced with
several challenges. First, the molecular pathology lab has to meet the challenge of doing the required molecular tests using the
limited amount of tumor tissues embedded in paraffin after formalin fixation in short turnaround time. Second, the choice of
the detection method is critical, since the analytical methods should provide accurate, reliable and cost-effective results. Third,
the validation of the test procedures and results is essential. In addition, participation and good performance in internal (IQA)
and external quality assurance (EQA) schemes is mandatory. However, in spite of all these obstacles, molecular pathology is
increasingly becoming an integral part of the diagnostic workup of most solid tumors, as well as, in determining prognosis and
response to treatment. The list of molecular tests for breast, lung, colon, stomach, bone and soft tissue tumors are continuously
increasing.
The effect of surface functionalization upon the cellular uptake characteristics of upconversion
nanocrystals
Libing Fu1, Bingyang Shi1, Dayong Jin2 and Roger Chung1
1Macquarie University, Australia
2University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Recently, the investigation of the interactions betweennanomaterials and biological systems (known as nano-bio interactions)
has spurred tremendous research interest in the field of nanotechnology. To improve the therapeutic potential of the
nanoparticle (NP)-based vehicles for the intracellular delivery, it is crucial to systematically study the fate of NPs with uniformity
of particle size, shape and surface charge, which are desired for elucidating the effects of these properties on cell uptake and bio-
distribution. Anthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) provide a novel BBB delivery approach, as their shape/
size/surfaces are tunable. Furthermore, these nanoparticles have excellent detection characteristics such as background free,
photo stable, and deep tissue penetration. In this work, we compared a series of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), including
original UCNPs, OA-free UCNPs, DNA-modified UCNPs, SiO2-coated UCNPs and PEG-conjugated UCNPs to analyze the
principle factors that facilitate the transport of nanoparticles into the mouse NSC-34 motor neuron cells. It is found that
UCNPs cellular uptake is mainly dependent on the dispersity in cell culture media. The surface charge plays an important role
during this procedure as well. Specifically, PEG-conjugated UCNPs showed the most excellent cell uptake ability among these
five types of UCNPs. While, the original UCNPs were primarily found attached on the cell membrane, because they formed
aggregation in the cell culture media. The cytotoxicity of the UCNPs in NSC-34 cells demonstrated that the PEG-conjugated
UCNPs possessed minimal cellular viability. Through this work, the results highlight the potential application of constructing
a multifunctional UCNPs nano-composite with integration of brain drug delivery, diverse biomolecule monitoring and deep
tissue imaging.